F 474 
.52 U2 



STORY OF 
A GREAT cm 



IN A NUTSHEL 



BY 



H. B. WANQELL 

eiTV COITOn olobk-dcmocrat 



WORLD'S FAIR EDITION 



500 
FACTS 

ABOUT ST. LOUIS 



Louisiana Ij 
Purchase I I 



World's 

Fair 



I! 



Nutshell Publishing Co. 
cook avcnuk st louis, mo 




aass_EVHi_ 



The Third National Bank of St. Louis 



CAPITAL, $1,000,000. 

J' 

OFFICERS: 

CHAS. H. HUTTIG, President, 

W. B. WELLS, Vice-President. 
GtO. W. GALBREATH, Cashier. 
JOHN R.COOKE, Ass't Cashier. 



Directors. 

GEO. T. CRAM. 

Pres't American Central Fire Ins. Co. 
JNO. N. DRUMMOND. Capitalist. 
JNO. S. DUNHAM, Pres't Dunham Mfg.Co. 
H. F. KNIGHT, 

Treas A. G. Edwards & Sons Brokerage Co. 
J. B. M. KEHLOR. Kehlor Bros. Millers. 
EDW S. ORB, 

Gen'l Agent B. & O. S. W. R. R. Co. 
G. W. GALBREATH, Cashier. 
THOS. WRIGHT. Capitalist. 
C. H. HUTTIG. President. 
W. B. WELLS. Vice-President. 
J. R. COOKE, Ass't Cashier. 



CONDENSED STATEMENT OF 

REISOURCES. 

Loans and Discounts $8,121,660.38 

U. S. Bonds & Premiums. 1,730,415 50 
Other Stocks and Bonds . . 870,639.79 

Banking House 200,000.00 

Other Real Estate 10,500.00 

Casli and Exchange 6.146,403.40 

$17,079,619.07 



CONDITION APRIL 24, 1901. 

I.IABIL1TIES. 

Capital Stock $1,000,000.00 

Surplus and Undivided 

Profits 386,395.83 

Circulation 996,500.00 

Subscription to Increase 

of Capital Stock 855,695.00 

Deposits 13,841,028.24 

$17,079,619.07 



Lincoln Trust Company, 

SEVENTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS. 






Transacts General Trust and Banking Business. 



4% 
2% 



INTEREST 



on Savings Deposits. 

on Regular Check Accounts, 



O A ET^ DEPOSIT d^^^ 00 P^** ANNUM 
^^ r C BOXES, ^^.^^ AND UPWARDU 



. H. LEE, President. GEO. E. HOFFMAN, Cashier. 

R. FRANCIS, Vice-Pres't. R. T. STURGEON, Ass't Cashier. 

L SHAPLEIGH. 2d Vice-Pres't. D. A. PHILLIPS, 2d Ass't Cashier. 



The Merchants-Laclede 
National Bank 



OF 



ST. LOUIS. 



CAPITAL, $1,400,000.00 

SURPLUS and UNDIVIDED PROFITS, 450,000.00 



iscal Agent for the State of Missouri 
United States Depository. 



Interest Paid on Time Certificates of Deposit. 
Jtters of Credit Issued Available in All Parts of the World. 



K. 



Continental National Bank 

OF ST. LOUIS. 



OF=RICERS. 

Geo. a. Baker, President, Jos. M. Hates, Vice-President. 

F. E. Marshall, Cashier. Geo. W. Parker, '2nd Vice-Pres't. 

J. A. Lewis, Assistant Cashier. 



Capila], $1,000,000.00 

NiirplMs and Undivided Profits. 500,000.<»0 

Circulation, , . . . . 1.000,000.00 

Deposits, 14,000,000.00 



We solicit accounts of individuals, banks, bankers, nnanufacturers and nner- 
cantile houses to whom terms in detail will be furnished on application. 



DIRECTORS, 



H. A. CRAWFORD, Prest Mo. Iron Co. 
GEO W. PARKER, Capitalist. 
L. B. TEBBETS, 

Mansur & Tebbetts Imp. Co. 
B. E^SEMAN, Rice, Stix Dry Goods Co. 
M. M BUCK, Capitalist. 
JOS. M. HAYES, Jos. M. Hayes Woolen Co. 



C H. SPENCER. Capitalist. 
WM. J ORTHWEIN, 

Chas. F. Orthwein's Sons. 
H. S. PRIEST, 

Attorney, Boyle, Priest & Lehnnan. 
A. H, BAUER, Bauer Bros. 
GEO. A. BAKER, President, 



East St. Louis Trust Company, 

21 NORTH MAIN STRILHT. 



Paid Up Capital, $500,000. 



M. M. Stephens, President. 

S. D. Sexton, Vice-President. 

W. K. Murphy, Second Vice President. 
Charles R. Hissrich, Treasurer. 
Nat. C. McLean, Secretary. 



YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED. 



AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANK 

ST. LOUIS. 



CAPITAL, FULL PAID, - $500,000.00 

SURPLUS. - - - 400,000.00 

UNDIVIDED PROFITS, - 66,865.47 



©fflccrs. 

Walker Hill, President. 

Ephron Catltn, Vice-President. 

L. A. BATTAILB, Cashier. 

EmiSON Chanslor, Ass't Cashier. 



Directors. 

Paul Brown, Director Continental Tobacco Co. 

A. H. DUNCAN, Vice-Pres't Paris Medicine Co. 

Sam M. Kennard, Pres't J. Kennard & Sons Carpet Company 

A. T, Kellet, Retired Merchant. 

H. F. Langenberg, of Langenberg, Bros. & Co. 

Geo. J. Kaime. 

J. B. C. LUCAS, Capitalist. 

Jas. Y. Lockwood, Treas. Interstate Car Transfer Co. 

Geo. a. Meyer, Pres't Meyer -Schniid Grocer Co. 

F. R. Rice, Pres't F. R. Rice Mercantile Cigar Co. 

L. A. Battaile, Cashier. 

Ephron Catlin, Vice President. 

Walker Hill, President. 



ANY PROFITABLE BUSINESS SOLICITED. 



THE MECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK 

OF ST. LOUIS. 





Capital, $1,000,000.00 Surplus, $500,000.00 






R. R. HUTCHINSON, President. 
D. K. FERGUSON, Vice-President. 
B. B. GRAHAM, 
CHAS. 0. AUSTIN, Cashier. 
EDWARD BUDER, Asst. Cashier. 






DIRECTORS. 




R. R. 
H 


HUTCHINSON D. K. FERGUSON ISAAC SCHWAB 
M. HUBBARO MORRIS GLASER B. B. GRAHAM 
HENRY NICOLAUS CHAS. H. TURNER C. G. KNOX 

W. J. KINSELLA JAMES T DRUMMOND JAMES GREEN 

CHAS. 0. AUSTI 


N 


WE SOLICIT ACCOUNTS OF ALL NEEDING BANKING FACILITIES 


«K$$$$$$$$#$#$$$$$$$$$$$$$#jr 


5^1 

4h 


JEST |T 


I 




WE HAVE MADE CLAIMS OF 
SUPERIOR MERIT FOR THE 


I 


>«6 


IJ ^ MjT Java and 
n CCr W Mocha 
COFFEE. 




8 

4b 


YOU WILL FIND THAT OUR 
CLAIMS ARE MODEST WHEN 
YOU BUY AN AIR-TIGHT CAN 




4b 
4t> 


3 POUNDS, - ONE DOLLAR. 


<» 
« 



«$$$^$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$^ 



imm 



Belding 

Bros. 

cS 

Co.'s 

Spool 

Sewing 

Silh 

Is universally 
used and recom- 
mended by all 
High-class Dress- 
makers and for fine 
family sewing. It 
is STRONGER, 
SMOOTHER and 
FULL MEASURE, 
and in Every Way 
meets theWants of 
the Consumer. 



BE,LDING BROS. 6 CO.'S 
Wash Crochet Knitting Silk 

Is universallv used and recommended bv Knitters and Crocheters on 

account of its' superior Smoothness, Brilliancy of Dye, its FULL MEASURE 

and Fast Color, as it washes beautifully. 

BULBING BROS. <S CO.'S 
"NE,W PROCESS" WASH SILKS- 

FiLO, Royal, Honiton, Dresden and other qualities of Wash Silks are 
now used universally and preferred by all lovers of Art Xeedle Work. All 
persons using Belding's "New Process"" Wash Silks will find all the shades 
true to nature and to wash perfectly. In fact, the silks will be brighter 
after washing than before. Artists and Teachers say that they are the only 
silks that hold their color and look brighter after washing than before. 

Ask your merchant for BELDING'S HIGH-CLASS ART LINEN. They 
are offering a very choice selection of designs for this season. 

Coyle & Sargent, Agts., 

1121.1123 WASHINGTON AVE., ST. LOUIS. 




Beethoven Conservatory of Music. 

ONE OF THE OLDEST AND BEST KNOWN 
MUSICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

West End Branch, Odeon Building, Cor. Grand and Finney Aves. 

31 1 I S^ ranches of SHusic %J aught. 

Send for Catalogue to 

THE BROTHERS EPSTEIN, Directors, 

23d and Locust Streets, St. Louis, Mo. 

Columbia Excursion Qj)!^ 

RIVER OUTINGS. 



Steamers Leave Daily at 9.30 A.M. and 7.30 P.M. 
SUNDAY EXCURSIONS, 



LEAVE 9.30 A. M. AND 2.30 P. M. 



Round Trip, 50 Miles, - - - 25 Cents. 



C. p. WALBRIDGE, President. ED. BINDSCHADLER, Secretary. 

H. S. MERRELL, Vice-President. GEO. R. MERRELL, Treasurer. 



Established 1845. Incorporated 



J. S. Merrell Drug Co. 

WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS, 

St. Louis, Mo. 




AN. IRON 
MOUNTAIN 

ROUTE 



:s%Z" GREAT SOUTHWEST SYSTEM 



Connecting the Commercial Centers 

and Rich Farms of....IV||S50l3RI. 

The Broad Wheat and Corn Fields and 
Thriving Towns of KANSAS. 

The Fertile River Valleys and Trade 

Centers o^ NEBRASKA. 

The Grand Picturesque and Enchanting 
Scenery and the Famous Mining 

D ^^ °^ COLORADO. 

The Agricultural, Fruit, Mineral and 
Timber Lands and Famous 

^°^ Springs of ARKANSAS. 



The Beautiful Rolling Prairies and 

Woodlands of the .. INDIAN TER. 

The Sugar Plantations of 

^ ^ ji LOUISIANA. 

The Cotton and Grain Fields, the Cattle 

Ranges and Winter Resorts of TEXAS 
Historical and Scenic QLD aild 

^ ^ ^ NEW MEXICO. 

And Forms with Its Connections 



the Popular 
Route to . 



For description and Illustrated Pamphlets, Land Folders, etc. 
C S.WARNER, RUSSELL HARDING. 

2ndV.-P. 3d V -P. & Gen. Mgr. 



Winter 

ARIZONA and 
^ CALIFORNIA. 

address Company's Agents. 
H. C. TOWNSEND, 

G. P. & T. A. 



A Genuine LEHIGH Anthracite Coal 



Cross * Creek * Lehigh 



KEaiAKKABLE FOR ITS 



Purity^ Durability ^ Small Percentage of Ash 
^ 4^ and Freedom from Clinker ^ ^ 



Logwood, DeCamp & Co. 

COAL AND COKE. 

Offices: 712-721 Union Trust BuiMtng, Telephones \ ^f^,;^^''^ ^f^ 
Yard: 3812 Manchester Avenue, ^riepAones j ^f^]^^;^'J?34™ 



EDWARDS WHITAKER. H. B. COLLINS. 

WHITAKER & COMPANY, 
Bond and Stock Brokers. 



CIRCULAR QUOTING LOCAL SECURITIES 
MAILED ON APPLICATION. 



300 NORTH FOURTH ST., ST. LOUIS. 



Strassberger's Conservatory of Music 

2200 ST. LOUIS AVENUE 

Southwest Branch, S.W. Cor. Cleveland and Grand Aves., St. Lotiis, Mo. 

OPEN IN ALL ITS 

BRANCHES, WITH 28 
COMPETENT TEACHERS 




Acknowledged as the 
most complete and best 
Music School in the West. 



TERMS LIBERAL, 

DIPLOMAS AWARDED, 

CATALOGUES FREE 

Sole agency of the Celebrated 

C. G. Conn Solo, Band and Orchestra 

Instruments. 



yn^lT^m^ 



I 




MAKX: IT THE \ 

DRESSMAKER'S \ 
FA VORITE 



ANHEUSER-BUSCH 
BREWING ASSOCIATION 



Holds the World's Record 

For Output and Quality, 




THEIR FAMOUS BRANDS 



The Original Budweiser 
Faust 

Black and Tan 
Anheuser Standard 
Pale Lager 



ARE USED BY THE CIVILIZED PEOPLE 

AT ALL POINTS OF THE QLOBE. 



PREPARED TROPICAL PALMS 
AND ARTISTIC FLORAL DECORATIONS. 




phones: 
bell. main 566 a. 
kinloch, c 1336. 



Ostertag 
Bros., 

Florists 



Washington and 
Jefferson Aves., 

ST. LOUIS. - MO. 




LINDELL HOTEL : 



EWLY RENOVATED THROUGHOUT. 
With Spacious Rooms and Elegant 
Furnishings. 



ALWAYS DRINK 







The only American Beer served at the 
U. S. Pavilion, Paris Exposition. 

*** 

Lemp's Extra Pale 

Served by the Official Caterers of the 
Pan = American Exposition, 

BAILEY CATERING CO. 



TERMINAI UriTPI union station, ST. LOUIS. Rates, $1 and upwards. 
iLnillllinL nUlLL, Rooms Reserved by Telegraph. European Plan. 




This Hotel has no equal In the U. S. for comfort, convenience, cleanliness and rates. 



r 






"THE NUTSHELL" 

Fails to mention as one of the 
most important in the FIVE 
HUNDRED FACTS about 
St. Louis, that FISHER & CO., 
7J4 Chestnut street, sell Dwell- 
ings, Vacant Lots, Investment 
and Business Property cheaper 
than anyone else can, and §:ivcs 
one to one thousand years' time 
on the purchase money, interest 
at 5 per cent. 



t 

t 
t 



BUY AND SELL ON COMMISSION LOCAL 

SECURITIES. ALSO LISTED AND 

UNLISTED SECURITIES IN ALL 

PRINCIPAL MARKETS. 



^ranciSf^Sro. & Co. 



2J4 NORTH FOURTH STREET, 



DEALERS IN 



Sovernment, Steam and 

Street Siailway Ootids. 



MEMBERS 

NEW YORK, ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO 

STOCK EXCHANGES. 



MOrriTT-WR^T ©-RV/C COMTAJ^y 



.•••■5!!~»..^- 




X^Vl^olo^^ilo 13i*tJL^g:i»t», ^t. IvOt^is 



REAL ESTATE AND FINANCIAL AGENTS. 



825 CHESTNUT STREET. 



phones: jWa^go^STG. 



LOANS MADE 

RENTS COLLECTED 

SALES NEGOTIATED. 



We handle Investment Properties 

and High=Class Residence Properties, 



PAUL JONES & CO., 

REAL ESTATE AND FINANCIAL AGENTS. 



Half the Riding Public use 

^^ Banner Buggies." 

The other half ought to, 

And would if they could only realize what they are 
missing. 

Examine, inspect at your first opportunity, the 

EASIEST RIDING, 
MEDIUM PRICED, 
LIGHT VEHICLE, 

now before the trade* 

THE BANNER BUGGY COMPANY. 

R. E. GARDNER. 
St. Louis, Missouri. 



Mr. Jacob Mahler's 

CLASSKS IN DANCINQ, 

3545 Olive Street. 

OPENS ** CLOSES 

OCTOBER FIRST. APRIL FIFTEENTH. 



IF YOU EAT 



CANDY 



TRY 



Ulenneker's 

Prize IDedal Chocolate Creams 



GUARANTEED 
ABSOLUTELY PURE. 

FOR SALE BY FIRST-CLASS DEALERS ONLY. 



THE 

STORY OF 

A GREAT CITY 



IN A NUTSHELL 

BY 

H. B. WANDELL 

II 
CITY EDITOR GLOBE-DEMOCRAT 

WORLD'S FAIR EDITION 



500 
FACTS 

ABOUT ST. LOUIS 



Louisiana lOnQ 
Purchase lOUO 



7:r' 1903 



Copyrighted 



NUTSHELL PUBLISBIN.;, CO. 
36.36 Cook Avenue St. Louis, Mo. 






DEDICATION 



To the Progressive People of St. Louis, this 

little book is most respectfully dedicated, with the 

suggestion that they bear in mind the Scriptural 

command found in The Sermon on the Mount — 

Gospel according to St, Matthew ; Chapter V., Verses 

14, 15 and 16. 

H. B. W. 



A City that is set on a liill cannot 
be liid. 

Neitber do men ligbt a candle, and 
pnt it nnder a busbel, bnt on a candle- 
stick ; and it g^ivetta lig^bt to all tbat are 
in tbe bouse. 

liCt yonr li^bt so sbine before men 
tbat tbey may see yonr good worlds. 



3 KG. 1905 
D. ofD. 




1. Mathew Kiely, Chief of Police. 

2. Wm. DesmoQd, Chief of Detectives. 

3. Jos. F. Dickman, Sheriff. 

4. Holla Wells, Mayor. 

5. Chas, Swingley, Chief Fire Department, 



St. Louis City Officers. 

6. Jos. L. Hornsby, President Council. 

7. Bernard Dierkes, Auditor. 

8. L. F. Hammer, Jr., Collector. 

9. James Y. Plaver, Comptroller. 
10. James M. Franciscus, Jr., Treasurer. 




4:^ __ 

''FACTS, I ASSURE YOU/'^ 

w 



Proud of its history. 
Owned by St. Louisans. 
A typical American city. 
Confident of a gi-eat future. 
Owns its waterworks plant. 
Most charitable city in the world. 
Most hospitable city on the continent. 
The terminus of twenty -four railways. 
On the best of terms with all the world. 
Independent of Eastern money lenders. 
Home of the brainiest and bravest men. 
The largest millinery market in America. 
Makes 35,000,000 pounds of candy annually. 

A city where bank failures do not occur. 

The third largest grocery market in America. 

The third largest clothing market in America. 

Fourth city of the United States in population. 

The largest horse and mule market in the world. 

The largest hardwood lumber market in America. 

A great center for the manufacture of freight cars. 

The third largest dry goods market in the country. 

Fourth in rank of American manufacturing centers. 

Makes more street cars than any other city on earth. 

Home of the most beautiful and best-dressed women. 

The first city in the world that used electric mail cars. 

The second largest shoe distributing point in America. 

Reduces its bonded debt at the rate of $375,000 annually. 

Manufactures more chairs than any other city in xVmerica. 

The largest inland coffee distributing center in the Union. 

World-famous for its production of wagons and carriages. 



4 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 

America's largest receiving and shipping market for fruits. 

The second city in the world in the production of wheat flour. 

The commercial metropolis of the richest river basin on earth. 

Third in the rank of American furniture manufacturing centers. 

Manufactures three -fourths of America's output of plug tobacco. 

First city in America to sprinkle its streets by municipal contract. 

Ships and sells more than 75,000,000 pounds of barbed wire yearly. 

Third city in the United States in the shipment of second-class mail. 

The world's greatest distributing center for agricultural implements. 

The third city in the United States in the manufacture of furniture. 

Manufactures more tobacco than any other city in the United States. 

The first city in America that illuminated its streets and alleys uni- 
formly with electricity. 

The only city in the world that has held eighteen consecutive and 
self-supporting expositions. 

Leads in the production of reclining chairs. 

Leads in the manufacture of boots and shoes. 

Leads in the manufacture of hats for America. 

Leads in the manufacture of caps for America. 

Leads in the manufacture of gloves in America. 

Leads in the manufacture of caskets and coffins. 

Leads in the output of American-made chemicals. 

Leads in the manufacture of crackers for the world. 

Leads in the manufacture of jeans clothing for America. 

Leads in the production of America's proprietary medicines. 

Leads in the manufacture of trunks for the western hemisphere. 

Leads in the saddlery and harness business of the United States. 

Leads in the sale of bags and bagging for the western hemisphere. 



gt* gouie ^a&x — 



Population 575,238. 

6,500 factories of all kinds. 

A river front of 19.15 mile. 

432.08 miles improved streets. 

An area of 62V2 square miles. 

20 public parks ; acreage 2176.59. 

The best credit of any city in America. 

$5,000,000 invested in public school property. 

Several profit sharing concerns on a large scale. 

A waterworks plant which cost more than $30,000,000. 

An average elevation above the level of the sea of 504 feet. 

A bank and trust company capitalization and surplus aggregating 

$42,785,537. 
Largest wholesale shipping station in the world (Cupples' station). 
The largest railroad interlocking switch system in the United States. 



ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 5 

64 hotels. 
41 hospitals. 

21 convents. 

23 libraries. 

3 monasteries. 

125 Public schools. 

17 Baptist churches. 

64 Catholic churches. 
102 Parochial schools. 

12 Christian churches. 
60 asylums, homes, etc. 
32 Presbyterian churches. 
20 Congregational churches. 

13 Southern Methodist churches. 

19 Methodist Episcopal churches. 

22 Protestant Episcopal churches. 

24 German Evangelical churches. 

6 Orthodox Hebrew congregations. 

4 Reformed Hebrew congregations. 

5 English Evangelical Lutheran churches. 

18 German Evangelical Lutheran churches. 

97 churches of various denominations not otherwise listed. 
54 academies and colleges (classical, scientific and business). 
48 Masonic bodies. 

20 lodges Harugari. 

14 Turners' societies. 

6 camps Sons of V^eterans. 
43 Odd Fellows lodges, etc. 

25 councils Royal Arcanum. 

19 lodges Sons of Hermann. 
31 councils Chosen Friends. 

21 lodges Knights of Honor. 

20 councils Legion of Honor. 

9 corps Women's Relief Corps. 

38 Knights of Pythias lodges, etc. 
16 camps Woodmen of the World. 
27 tents Knights of the Maccabees. 

22 councils Knights of Father Mathew. 

65 lodges Knights and Ladies of Honor. ^ 
36 branches Catholic Knights of America. 

11 groves United Ancient Order of Druids. 
65 lodges Ancient Order of United Workmen. 

10 councils Junior Order United American Mechanics. 

9 posts and national headquarters Grand Army of the Republic. 
Greatest steel arch bridge in the world (The Eads) , costing $10,000,000. 



6 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 

488 miles of sewers, 
42 singing societies 

11 public gymnasiums. 
130 labor organizations. 
267 regular publications. 
39 fire engine companies. 
200 building associations. 
One street 15.2 miles long, 

19 rowing and athletic clubs. 
One sewer 24 feet in diameter. 
One sewer 30 feet in diameter, 

12 hook and ladder companies. 
The largest brewery in America. 
The finest street cars in the world. 
The only rubber factory in the West. 
The world's largest cracker factory. 
The largest lead works in the world. 
The largest drug house in the world. 

The largest brick works in the world. - 

The largest electric plant in America. 
The finest botanical garden in America. 
The largest railroad station in the world. 
The largest iron rail factory in the world. 
The largest hardware house in the world. 
The largest sewer-pipe factory in America, 
The largest white lead factory in the world. 
The largest shoe house in the United States. 
The largest woodcnware house in the world. 
The largest boot and shoe factory in America, 
The largest terra cotta factory in the country. 
The two largest tobacco factories in the world. 
The largest stove and range factories on earth. 
The largest jeans clothing factory in the world. 
The largest tinware stamping plant in America. 
The largest street car factories in the United States, 
The largest exclusively carpet house in the country. 
Boot and shoe trade amounting annually to $37,500,000. 
The largest permanent hall in the West (The Coliseum), 
A bag and bagging trade amounting annually to $.3,700,000, 
A trade in caskets and coffins amounting annually to $3,400,000, 
14 private grain elevators; aggregate capacity 1,935,000 bushels. 
10 public grain elevators with a total capacity of 8,700,000 bushels. 
More miles of stx'eets that are sprinkled than any other city in America. 
Manufactures more extensive than those of Kansas City, Omaha, 
Denver and San Francisco combined. 



ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 7 

450 miles of street railroads, 

616.0208 miles of water mains. 

108.04 miles of improved alleys. 

6.8 miles of wood paved streets. 

432.08 miles of improved streets. 

207.35 miles of unimproved alleys. 

13.16 miles of brick-paved streets. 

441.62 miles of unimproved streets. 

11.89 miles of asphalt -paved streets. 

The tallest shot-tower in America. 

50.86 miles of granite -paved streets. 

10 garden theaters open in summer. 

263.19 miles of macadamized streets. 

8 regular theaters running in season. 

119 miles underground wire conduits. 

Annual flour trade amounting to $3,500,000. 

Annual beer trade amounting to $18,000,000. 

Annual candy trade amounting to $3,750,000. 

Annual grocery trade amounting to $75,000,000. 

Annual lumber trade amounting to $13,500,000. 

Annual millinery trade amounting to $7,000,000. 

Annual furniture trade amounting to $36,000,000. 

Annual hardware trade amounting to $31,500,000. 

Annual wooden ware trade amounting to $8,500,000. 

Annual stove and range trade amounting to $2,700,000. 

Annual piano and organ trade amounting to $2,800,000. 

Annual trade in jeans clothing amounting to $3,750,000. 

Annual hat, cap and glove trade amounting to $4,500,000. 

Annual tobacco and cigar trade amounting to $40,000,000. 

Annual paint and paint oil trade amounting to $6,000,000. 

Annual glass and glassware trade amounting to $5,500,000. 

Annual saddlery and harness trade amounting to $5,000,000. 

Annual dry goods and notions trade amounting to $80,000,000. 

Annual trade in drugs, chemicals, etc., amounting to $35,000,000. 

Annual iron and heavy hardware trade amounting to $12,500,000. 

Annual brick, terra cotta and clay product trade amounting to 
$4,000,000. 

Annual agricultural machinery and vehicle trade amounting to 
$18,000,000. 

A river traffic with merchandise receipts and shipments aggregating 
757,590 tons (in 1900) . 

Manufacturing industries, the value of whose products amounts to 
$350,000,000. 

Annual electrical trade, the sales of machinery, goods and supplies 
of which amount to $23,000,000. 

Two tobacco factories, either one of which pays more government 
taxes than any in any other city. 



8 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 

A courthouse that cost $2,200,000. 

25 business exchanges and trade guilds. 

An average annual rainfall of 38 inches. 

A public library containg 140,000 volumes. 

4.63 miles of novaculite street pavements. 

Most beautiful public park (Tower Grove). 

Water supply of 100,000,000 gallons per day. 

79.86 miles of common telford-paved streets. 

The second largest public park in the world. 

Annual income from water licenses $1,600,000. 

A brewery output of 2,283,603 barrels of beer. 

One hall with a possible seating capacity of 15,000. 

An annual death rate of only 15.5 per thousand. 

1391 policemen (including chiefs, captains, etc.) 

More than 150 public elecraosynai-y institutions. 

A railroad station building covering 11.10 acres, 

2.90 miles of street paved with improved telford. 

Water consumption of 61,000,000 gallons per day. 

A flour industry that produced 1,346,059 barrels in 1900. 

More miles of paved streets than any other American city. 

A tobacco industry with an output in 1900 of 79,294,957 pounds. 

The largest electric incandescent light station in the United States. 

Longer annual period of sunshine than either New York or Chicago. 



31 $ctxf ^x&iovicai Saci&x— 

St. Louis' census in 1840 showed a population of 16.469. 

St. Louis' census in 1850 showed a population of 77,860. 

St. Louis' census in 1860 showed a population of 160,773. 

St. Louis' census in 1870 showed a population of 310,864. 

St. Louis' census in 1880 showed a population of .350,518. 

St. Louis' census in 1890 showed a population of 451,770. 

First steamboat built in St. Louis in 1842. 

St. Louis' city hospital was opened in 1847. 

Lafayette Park acquired by St. Louis in 1844 

The Mercantile Library was founded in 1846. 

St. Louis' first harbor master appointed in 1843. 

St. Louis' first health department created in 1843. 

Bellefontaine Cemetery incorporated in May, 1849. 

St. Louis' first public school building erected in 1846. 

St. Louis' first street commissioner appointed in 1843. 

St. Louis' first daily newspaper (The Herald) appeared in 1834. 

Merchants' Exchange Building on Walnut Street erected in 1856-57 

First overland mail for California left St Louis on September 16, 1858. 



ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 9 

St. Louis Normal School opened in 1857. 

Aaron Burr visited St. Louis in July, 1805. 

Christian Brothers' College opened in 1851. 

Academy of Science Library founded in 1856. 

St. Louis' public library was founded in 1865. 

Missouri School for the Blind opened in 1851. 

St. Louis' first underground sewer built in 1850. 

St. Louis' paid fire department established in 1857. 

Missouri Historical Society was established in 1865. 

Tower Grove Park was donated to St. Louis in 1869. 

" Year of the Great Flood " in St. Louis (June) , 1785. 

St. Louis was made a port of entry under act of 1870. 

St. Louis' first Episcopal Church was erected in 1825. 

In 1824, St. Louis' first Presbyterian Church was built. 

St. Louis' fire alarm telegraph put in operation in 1858. 

St. Louis' public school system was inaugurated in 1815. 

The Spanish took possession of St. Louis on August 11, 1768. 

In 1833 occurred St. Louis' first election of school directors. 

St. Louis was granted a charter as a city on December 9, 1822. 

The first newspaper printed in St. Louis was published in 1808. 

St. Louis became United States soil by the treaty of April 30, 1803. 

St. Louis' first daily mail from the East arrived in September, 18.36. 

Construction of St. Louis' courthouse was commenced in 1839. 

Construction of St. Louis' courthouse was completed in July, 1862. 

St. Louis' metropolitan police force was established by legislative act 
lnl86L 

The People's Party National Convention of 1896 was held in St. Louis 
on July 25. 

In 1896, St. Louis' vote for President was: Republican, 65,708; Demo- 
crat, 50,091, 

In 1892, St. Louis' vote for President was: Republican, ,85,528; Demo- 
crat, 34,669: Populist, 695; Prohibition, 247. 

The Democratic National Convention held in St. Louis in June, 1876. 
nominated Samuel J. Tilden for President. 

The Republican National Convention of 1896 was held in St. Louis on 
June 18, and nominated William McKinley. 

In 1888, St. Louis' vote for President was: Republican, .33,252; Demo- 
crat, 27,401 ; Populist, 173 ; Union Labor, 1,796. 

Grover Cleveland was nominated for President by the Democratic 
National Convention in St. Louis in June, 1888. 

In 1898, St. Louis' vote for Judge of the Supi-eme Court was: Repub- 
lican, 48,900 ; Democrat, 39,697 ; Populist, 220 ; Prohibition, 88. 

In 1894, St. Louis' vote for Supreme Court Judge was: Democrat, 
29,113; Republican, 32,290; Populist, 680: Prohioitionist, 236; So- 
cialist Labor, 1,357. 



TO FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 

St. Louis was founded on February 14, 1764. 

St. Louis' first bank was established in 1816. 

St. Louis' first post-master was Rufus Easton. 

St. Louis' first brick house was erected in 1813. 

The Eads Bridge was dedicated on July 4, 1874. 

In 1822, St. Louis purchased its first fire engine. 

St. Louis suffered from cholera epidemic in 1832. 

In 18 04, St. Louis' first post oflice was established. 

The Southern hotel fire occurred on April 11, 1877. 

In 1818, the first street paving was laid in St. Louis. 

St. Louis' first Methodist Church was erected in 1821. 

In 1821, St. Louis' first brick-paved sidewalk was laid. 

Martial law was declared in St. Louis on August 14, 1861. 

St. Louis was incorporated as a town on November 9, 1809. 

St. Louis was swept by a devastating tornado May 27, 1896. 

A Fedei'al mint branch was established in St. Louis in 1829. 

The Marquis de Lafayette visited St. Louis on April 29, 1825. 

Washington University was chartered in 1853 and opened in 1859. 

Pierre Laclede Liguest, founder of St. Louis, died on June 20, 1778. 

St. Louis reverted to French dominion by the treaty of October 1, 1800. 

In 1830, construction of St. Louis' first waterworks plants was begun. 

The first directory of St. Louis was published by John A. Paxton in 

1821. 
On December 7, 1812, the first territorial general assembly met in St. 

Louis. 
In 1832, St. Louis received it first supply of water from municipal 

works. 
St. Louis' first American court of justice was established in the winter 

of 1804-5. 
First line of telegraph from the East reached St. Louis in Decem- 
ber, 1847. 
The first steamboat to reach St. Louis was the Pike, which arrived on 

August 2, 1815. 
On May 26, 1780, St. Louis was attacked by Indians and a half a dozen 

residents slain. 
Pierre Laclede Liguest, aided by Auguste Chouteau, selected the site 

which became St. Louis. 
The first overland mail from California (24 days 18^4 hours) arrived 

at St. Louis on October 9, 1858. 
The first English school in St. Louis was opened by Messrs. Ratch- 

ford and Qeorge Tompkins in 1808. 
The municipality of St. Louis was separated from the County of St. 

Louis under legislative act of 1875. 
St. Louis' first American governor was Capt. Amos Stoddard, whose 

jurisdiction included the whole territory of Lousiana. 



ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 11 

St. Louis' first theater was erected in 1819. 

In 1822, St. Louis had a population of 4,800, 

The first railroad entered St. Louis in 1851. 

In 1801, St. Louis was visited by a smallpox epidemic. 

Pontiac, the great Indian chief, visited St. Louis in 1769. 

In 1799, a census of St. Louis showed a population of 925. 

The first term of the St. Louis University opened on November 2, 1829. 

St. Louis' greatest fire occurred on May 17, 1849, the loss aggregating 

$3,000,000. 
Missouri's first constitutional convention was held in St. Louis on 

September 18, 1820. 
Francis L. Mcintosh, Missouri's first victim of lynch law, was burned 

to death in St. Louis in 1836. 
The territory of Upper Louisiana was formally transferred to the 

United States in St. Louis by Amos Stoddard on March 10, 1804. 



90 laundries serve St. Louisan§? 

31 breweries brew St. Louis beer? 

St. Louisans drink at 1927 saloons? 

St. Louisans eat at 311 restaurants? 

Milk is furnished St. Louis by 347 dairies? 

Only 53 undertakers bury St. Louis' dead? 

St. Louisans buy bread from 468 bakeries? 

St. Louis is served by 543 carpenter shops? 

St. Louisans are shaved at 846 barber shops? 

St. Louisans are attended by 1672 physicians? 

St. Louisans patronize 293 blacksmith shops? 

St. Louisans buy medicines at 365 drug stores? 

St. Louis buys sweets from 259 confectionaries? 

St. Louis' legal affairs are adjusted by 737 lawyers? 

St. Louisans get their meats from 712 butcher shops? 

94 furniture stores supply St. Louis' household goods? 

Provisions are sold St. Louisans at 921 retail groceries? 

St. Louisans have their clothes made at 603 tailor shops? 

St. Louisans buy tobacco at 536 cigar and tobacco stores? 

100 livery stables supply horses and vehicles for St. Louisans? 

St. Louisans' teeth are cared for by 228 dentist establishments? 

Insurance is written for St. Louisans by 262 insurance agencies? 

St. Louis houses are decorated by 139 wall paper establishments? 

St. Louis women have their gowns made at 1074 dress and cloak- 

making establishments? 
St. Louis' watches are regulated at 174 watch-making establishments? 



12 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 

Gambling is prohibited by law in St. Louis? 

47 retail hat stores sell hats to St. Louisans? 

St. Louisans buy dry goods at 349 retail stores? 

264 plumbing shops aid in St. Louis' sanitation? 

St. Louis buildings are painted by 326 paint shops? 

St. Louis' 73 miles of public sewerage cost $4,730,000? 

The seating capacity of the Century Theater is 1,600? 

The seating capacity of the Havlin's Theater is 2,800? 

The seating capacity of the Olympic Theater is 2,508? 

The seating capacity of the Imperial Theater is 2,048? 

The Odeon and Masonic Temple are at Grand and Finney avenues. 

The seating capacity of the Columbia Theater is 1,887? 

The seating capacity of the Grand Opera House is 2,269? 

Beethoven Conservatory is one of the most artistic buildings in St. 

Louis? 
The first Veiled Prophet pageant and ball took place in 1S78? 
St. Louis has one thousand and seventy-one streets and avenues? 
St. Louis' Union Station was formally opened on September 1, 1894? 
The corner-stone of St. Louis' Union Station was laid on July 8, 1893? 
The first ground was broken for St. Louis' Union Station on April 1, 

1892. 
The Chamber of Commerce building on Third Street was erected in 

1873. 
The Grand Commander Knights Templars of Missouri resides in St. 

Louis? 
The seating capacity of Grand Music Hall in the Exposition Building 

is 3,524? 
St. Louis' Union Station grand central hall has a floor area of 8,880 

square feet? 
Heroic statues of Shakespear, Humboldt and Columbus are in Tower 

Grove Park? 
The statues of Washington, Lafayette and Benton, in Lafayette Park, 

are world-famous? 
More than 250,000,000 pieces of mail were handled in the St. Louis 

Postoffice during 1900? 
The Grand Secretary and Grand Recorder of the State Grand Lodge, 

Grand Chapter, Grand Encampment, Grand Commandery, Grand 

Council Royal and Select Masters, and Grand Council O. H. P., 

Masonic bodies, reside in St. Louis? 
Natives of New England, New York, Indiana, Virginia, Ohio, Tennes- 
see, Kentucky and Illinois, resident in St. Louis, have clubs? 
St. Louis' longest and largest completed sewer is the Mill Creek, 4.75 

miles long, with a 24-foot section, and costing $1,784,000? 
The Nielson mulberry in Tower Grove Park grew from a slip cut 

from the tree that shades Shakespear's tomb at Stratford- on -Avon? 



ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 1 3 

558 music teachers instruct St. Louisans? 

19 foreign consuls are located in St. Louis? 

The famous Grant statue is in City Hall Park? 

St. Louis' sewerage cost to construct $11,892,.300. 

The High School on Grand Avenue was built in 1893? 

142 millinery establishments serve St. Louis' fair sex? 

The sites of the present City Hall and Exposition were city parks? 

St. Louis has paid out $4,926,087.85 in the purchase of land for parks. 

St. Louis' realty transfers in 1900 involved a total value of $25,000,000? 

St. Louisans buy their footwear at 726 boot and shoe establishments? 



Eads Bridge is 6,220 feet in length. 

Calvary Cemetery embraces 262 acres. 

Bellefontaine Cemetery contains 350 acres. 

O'Fallon Park is on Broadway near Bircher. 

Carondelet Park is on Ninth Street near Kansas. 

The salary of St. Louis' fire chief is $4,000 per annum. 

St. Louis' Union Station cost approximately $6,500,000. 

The St. LoTiis Star is published at Ninth and Olive streets. 

The St. Louis Transit Company is capitalized at $90,000,000. 

The St. Louis Exposition has been running eighteen years. 

The United States sub-treasury at St. Louis has 19 employes. 

United States sub-treasury in Louis handles $105,000,000 a year. 

The St. Louis Republic has its office at Seventh and Olive streets. 

The salary of the United States sub-treasury at St. Louis is $4,500. 

The AmeriJca of St. Louis is printed on Third street, near Chestnut. 

The Westliche Post of St. Louis has its office at Broadway and Market 

Street. 
St. Louis' water supply comes from the Mississippi river at Bissell's 

Point. 
The Christian Brothers' College of St. Louis is noted throughout the 

world, 
St. Louis University, world famous, is located on Grand avenue, 

between Lindell and West Pine Boulevards. 
St. Lonis is completing a city hall, the approximate cost of which is 

$2,000,000. 
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch is established on Olive between Broad- 
way and Sixth street. 
The St. Louis Glohe- Democrat building is on the southwest comer of 

Sixth and Pine streets. 
The City Hall fronts on Twelfth and Market Streets and Clark Avenue. 



14 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 

St. Louis' largest park contains 1,371.94 acres. 

The total cost of the Eads Bridge was $10,000,000. 

St. Lonis' hog receipts in 1899 numbered 2,156,144. 

St. Louis' sheep receipts in 1899 numbered 434,1.33. 

St. Louis' cattle receipts in 1899 numbered 795,800. 

The St. Nicholas Hotel is at Eighth and Locust Streets. 

St. Louis' wool receipts in 1900 were valued at $8,000,000. 

St. Louis' bank clearings in 1900 amounted to $1,688,849,494. 

St. Louis' longest east and west street is Arsenal— 5.82 miles. 

St. Louis' grain receipts in 1900 aggregated 61,144,804 bushels. 

St. Louis' public parks represents more than $10,000,000 in values. 

St. Louis' longest north and south street is Broadway— 15.2 miles. 

St. Louis' manufacturing plants represent investments of $700,000,000. 

A St. Louis building contains the largest plate-glass window ever 

made. 
The Lindell Hotel is on Washington Avenue between Sixth and Seventh 

Streets. 
The cash receipts of the St. Louis Post Office in 1900 amounted to 

$2,031,664. 
The letters originating in the St. Louis Post Office during 1900 number- 
ed nearly 150,000,000. 
The Beers Hotel is on the northwest corner of Grand Avenue and 

Olive Street. 
The Merchants' Bridge stretches from the foot of Ferry Street to 

the Hlinois bank. 
The Custom House building is between Olive, Locust, Eighth and 

Ninth Streets. 
St. Louis Court House is between Broadway, P"'ourth, Chestnut and 

Market Streets. 
The Grand Avenue Hotel is on the southeast corner of Olive Street 

and Grand Avenue. 
St. Louis' manufactured products for 1901 are expected to approach 

$1,000,000,000 in value. 
St. Louis' leading hardware house occupies more floor space than any 

other building extant. 
"Washington University is one of the most comprehensive educational 

institutions in the world. 
Fifteen thousand dollars was sent by the Merchants' Exchange to the 

Johnstown flood sufferers in 1889. 
A transfer ticket will take a street car passenger from any part of St. 

Louis to Shaw's Garden or Forest Park. 
The annual interest charges on St. Louis' outstanding municipal debt 

amounts to $802,209.28, or 4.367 per cent, per annum. 
Shaw's Garden is at Tower Grove Avenue and Old Manchester Road. 



ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 1 5 

The Fullerton Building is twelve stories high. 

The Carleton Building is ten stories in height. 

The Equitable Building is ten stories in height. 

The Security Building is eleven stories in height. 

The Union Trust Building is fourteen stories high. 

The Holland Building is thirteen stories in height. 

The Chemical Building is sixteen stories in height. 

The Lincoln Trust Building is twelve stories in height. 

The Merchants' Bridge of St. Louis was erected in 1889. 

Union Station was formally opened on September 1, 1894. 

St Louis' cotton receipts in 1900 aggregated 1,011,587 bales. 

St Louis' street railways carried 106,953,411 passengers in 1900. 

The Archiepiscopal residence of Archbishop Kain is m St. Louis. 

Forest Park main entrance is at Kingshighway and Lindell Boulevard. 

Bishop D. S. Tuttle, of the Episcopal Diocese of Missouri, lives m St. 

Illuminating gas is sold to ordinary consumers in St. Louis for $1 per 

1,000 feet. * .If 

St. Louis erected in 1900, 2,059 houses with an aggregate value of 

$8,400,000. 
Merchants' Exchange has contributed $700,000 for charitable purposes 

since 1866. ^^ ^. .^ ^. 

The only shrine in the West blessed by the Pope is at the Visitation 

Convent, Cabanne. 
St. Louis' total city tax, exclusive of public schools and state taxes, is 

$1.30 per $100 of valuation. 
Rev. Dr. J. M. Fitzgerald, Resident Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal 

Church, lives in St. Louis. , _^ v, .u c* 

in 1892 Mississippi River flood sufferers were given $54,000 by the St. 

Louis Merchants' Exchange. 
St. Louis' rate of taxation in 1900 was $1.95 per $100 of valuation, which 

is on a basis of about 60 per cent. 
Lafayette Park Presbyterian Sunday-school is the largest in the 

world, having an enrollment of 2,844 scholars. 
Mrs Elizabeth Avis, founder of the first Methodist missionary society, 

died recently in St. Louis. She was nearly a hundred years old. 
The Presbyterian Women's Board of Missions has a circulating 

library after which many Eastern societies have modeled their 

The new $150,000 Second Presbyterian Church has a magnificent 
series of stained glass windows, each window in honor of a 
former pastor. 

The Presbyterian Church (North) of St. Louis has in the last year 
contributed $18,560 to home missions and $5,229 to foreign missions. 



1 6 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 

There are 385 letter carriers in St. Louis. 

St. Louis is the home of Ruckstuhl, the sculptor. 

St. Louis' Fair Grounds have an area of 143 acres. 

St. Louis holds its Forty-first Annual Fair in 1901. 

St. Louis received 169,082 horses and mules during 1900. 

Tower Grove Park is on Grand near Magnolia Avenue. 

There are 75 Christian Endeavor Societies in St. Louis. 

The salary of the St. Louis post-master is $6,000 a year. 

The finest jewelry palace in the country is in St. Louis. 

The Southern Hotel is at Broadway and Walnut Street. 

The Union Station is at Eighteenth and Market Streets. 

Number of railway postal clerks paid at St. Louis office, 350. 

Thirty boys handle the special delivery letters for St. Louis. 

Mary N. Murfree (Charles Egbert Craddock) lives in St. Louis. 

The total number of employes in the St. Louis post office is 1,380. 

Winston Churchill, author of Richard Carvel, lives in St. Louis. 

There are 533 clerks and 30 substitute clerks in the St. Louis post office. 

The St. Louis Post Office ranks fifth in the country in money receipts. 

St. Louis is unique in its interdenominational Woman's Missionary 
Society. 

The St. Louis Post Office ranks first in the country in ratio of expenses 
to receipts. 

A law establishes the rate of cab fare in St. Louis, and provides penal- 
ties for violation. 

The Four Courts building (Police headquarters) is at Twelfth Street 
and Clark Avenue. 

The $5,000 window at St. James Memorial Church is considered the 
finest in the West. 

Suflferers by the Chicago fire in 1871 received $150,000 from the St. Louis 
Merchants' Exchange. 

St. Louis is the home of Kate Chopin, noted as a writer of charming 
stories of southern life. 

Fee Fee Baptist Church was the first Protestant house of worship 
west of the Mississippi. 

The Eads bridge spans the Mississippi from the foot of Washington 
Avenue to East St. Louis. 

The Southern Methodist Orphans' Home in St. Louis is the best 
equipped in the country. 

The first $5 for the $100,000 Lindell Avenue M. E. Church was sub- 
scribed by a washerwoman. 

The highest church spire in St Louis is that of St, Alphonsus' 
Church, 235 feet high; the next, Pilgrim Church, 229 feet; the 
the next, SS. Peter and Paul's, 222 feet; and the fourth highest is 
that of the Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 208 feet high. 



ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 1 7 

Susan E. Blow, a St. Louis woman, is famous as the Mother of the 
Kindergarten in America. 

St, Louis' mayor receives a salary of $5,000 per annum. 

St. Louis' chief of police receives $5,000 per year in salary. 

Texas flood sufferers in 1900 received $80,000 from St. Louis. 

The bonded debt of St. Louis at the end of the fiscal year 1899-1900 was 
only $18,916,278. 

The new Holy Trinity Catholic Church is the grandest church build- 
ing west of New York. 

Merchants' Exchange contributed $207,450 for relief of victims of the 
St. Louis cyclone in 1896. 






CONTENTS. 

" Facts, T Assure You " 3 

Historical 19 

St. Louis To-Day 26 

Free City of the West 33 

A Financial Fortress 38 

The Sinews of Trade 4c 

In Touch With the World 49 

Grand Monuments of Progress 56 

Centers of Commercial Activity 72 

Impelling Forces 82 

Rapid Transit 90 

City of Beautiful Homes 94 

Parks and Gardens 104 

Education and Literature 112 

World's Fair , I26 

World's Fair Location 144 

Chronology of the Exposition _ 152 

The Louisiana Purchase 158 

Plan and Scope 172 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

St. Louis City Officers 2 

City Hall 29 

Union Station 41 

High School on Grand Avenue 51 

Mercantile Trust Company's Building 59 

The Fullerton Building 69 

Westmoreland Place 77 

A Floral Bed in Tower Grove Park 85 

Sylvan Lake in Forest Park 97 

Rabbit Island in Deer Paddock Lake, Forest Park 109 

Circle Lake in Forest Park 115 

Lafayette Bridge, Forest Park 121 

Officers Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company 127 

World's Fair Directors 137, 147, 159 

National Commissioners, World's Fair 167 




BONG before the colonist from Europe had fought 
and hewed his way to the Valley of the Missis- 

sippi, an earlier population selected the present 

site of St. Louis for urban pursuits. Their customs, 
habits and lives were altogether unlike those of the 
Caucasians who succeeded them centuries later ; but 
the geographic and utilitarian advantages of the lo- 
cality responded as readily to the efforts of the Mound 
Builders as they did in subsequent ages to the purposes 
of the pioneer trapper and trader. Arch^ologists have 
been unable to fix the precise era in which the Mounds 
of North America were constructed. But a number of 
these queer piles— mute messages from a mystic past- 
have given St. Louis the name of the Mound City. 

Aside from the purely speculative interest that clings 
to these monuments of prehistoric masonry, facts of 
peculiar significance cluster around the series of mounds 
which dot the city and its environs. Each mass of 
strangely-built rock and soil bears silent testimony to 



19 



20 IN A NUTSHELL. 

the fact that aeons ago an unknown people delved and 
toiled and breathed and lived where now modern 
modes of trade and traffic have established a bustling 
metropolis. Each mound links the judgment of the 
past with the enterprise of the present in the selection 
of the site for a great city. 

But accepted history is eminently practical, and, 
eliminating the dreams of theorists on what might have 
been, tells us that Pierre Laclede Liguest, known to his 
companions as Laclede, was the founder of St. Louis. 
It was in 1762 that the New Orleans firm of Maxent, 
Laclede & Co. obtained from the French Governor 
General of Louisiana, exclusive control of the fur trade 
with the Missouri and other tribes of Indians as far 
North as the River St. Peter. It was necessary to 
establish a trading post in closer touch with the Indians 
than New Orleans, and an expedition for that purpose 
was fitted out. Laclede, the junior member of the 
firm, was peculiarly qualified for the command of this 
undertaking, and to him it was intrusted. 

Leaving New Orleans on August 3, 1763, the hardy 
band of frontiersmen under Laclede made their way 
northward to Fort Chartres, where the goods and stores 
of the party were put away while the members of the 
expedition pursued their quest for a satisfactory post 
site. The journey up the Mississippi had consumed 
three months. Laclede himself, finding the graceful 
curve in the Mississippi now marked by the Mer- 
chants' and Eads' Bridges, declared that he would 
seek no farther. Returning to Fort Chartres, he an- 



HISTORICAL. 21 

nounced that he had "found a situation where he 
intended to establish a settlement which might become 
hereafter one of the finest cities in America." 

But a rigorous winter intervened, and it was not 
until February 14, 1764, that Auguste Chouteau, then 
in his fourteenth year, arrived on the site of the future 
St. Louis with thirty men belonging to Laclede's expe- 
dition. Chouteau, though a beardless youth, was one 
of those prodigies of pioneer days to whom age merely 
meant seasoning ; and it was not regarded as extraor- 
dinary at the time that he should be given charge of 
the clearing party. So, while Laclede is recorded as 
the founder of St. Louis, it was Auguste Chouteau who 
directed the felling of the first tree on the tract now 
occupied by St. Louis. 

A tool shed and several log cabins were put together 
in an open space which was afterward platted into the 
block now bounded by Washington Avenue, Broadway, 
St. Charles and Sixth Streets. The settlement was 
named by Laclede himself. Though the territory had 
been ceded to Spain in 1762, Laclede— a native of 
Bion, in Southern France— named the trading post 
after the patron saint of his sovereign, Louis XV. 
There was no disposition among the hardy pioneers to 
transfer their allegiance to the Spanish throne, and in 
their own rough, honest ways they set about the task 
of establishing law and order without the aid of the 
governments across the sea. 

On August II, 1768, Rios arrived to take charge of 
the colony for Spain, under the authority of Don Juan 



22 IN A NUTSHELL. 

de Ulloe, viceroy of Louisiana. But the settlers were 
hostile to Spanish sway, and Rios, exercising rare tact, 
avoided any rupture by neglecting to assert with any- 
thing akin to ostentation the sovereignty of the crown 
of Spain. So profitless was this occupation that on July 
17, 1769, Spanish troops were withdrawn from Upper 
Louisiana. 

During this period the people of St. Louis were liv- 
ing under a unique local administration. They had 
given to St. Ange de Bellerive the authority of gov- 
ernor, but he was reluctant to assume all the responsi- 
bilities attaching to such office. Maintaining a wise 
military supervision over the affairs of the settlement, 
he was aided in the discharge of his civil functions by 
Judge Lefebvre Inglebert Desbruisseau and Joseph 
Labusciere. This democratic triune inaugurated the 
system of registering land grants in 1766, Labusciere 
officiating as notary. 

It was in 1770 that the Spaniards formally took 
charge of the territory, Don Pedro Piernos assuming 
the governorship. The annals of those days would 
find fitter place in the pages of romance than in the 
less flowered records of simple history. Chivalry, 
courage, hardihood and perilous emprises of varied 
character and purpose make up most of the anecdotes 
of that time. The adventurous courtier of Europe, 
the sun-tinted chieftain of the forest, the silent trapper 
and the hardy frontiersman met on common terms in 
the Mississippi trading post. Here came the famous 
Pontiac to visit friends, and being murdered while on 



HISTORICAL. 23 

an excursion to Cahokia, here his remains were buried. 

St. Louis, together with the rest of the great pro- 
vince of Louisiana, was restored to French sovereignty 
by the treaty cession of 1800, and three years later 
through purchase from Napoleon became part of the 
United States of America. 

Through all the turmoil and carnage that distracted 
the western hemisphere during those trying years, the 
trading post thrived with relatively rare fortune. Only 
one Indian attack was suffered in that time — on May 
26, 1780 — when six of the settlers were slain. Tradi- 
tion has it that the massacre would have become gen- 
eral had not the plans of the redskins miscarried. 

The first marriage ceremony performed in St. Louis 
was solemnized on April 20, 1766. The first news- 
paper of the settlement was established in 1808. The 
first brick house which the town could boast was 
erected in 1813, followed three years later by the 
establishment of St. Louis' first banking institution. 
In 181 7 the people of this frontier settlement heard 
the whistle of the first steamboat that reached St. 
Louis, and in the same year the first board of school 
trustees was organized. The settlement was incorpor- 
ated as a town in 1809, and was chartered as a city in 
1822. Ten years later an epidemic of cholera deso- 
lated many homes in the growing city, and in 1849 
there was another visitation of this dread plague, and 
about the same time there was a great fire that de- 
stroyed the business section of the city. In 1851, 
while St. Louis was yet engaged in shaking off the in- 



24 IN A NUTSHELL. 

dustrial lethargy produced by the joint calamity of 
epidemic and conflagration two years before, the first 
railroad built in the Mississippi valley entered the 
Mound City. 

The shock of civil war and the travail and distress 
of financial panics affected, but they did not stop, the 
progress of the city. Passing with its sister cities 
through the national trials and adversities that have 
befallen the country, St. Louis has been always one of 
the first to extend aid to the helpless and sympathy to 
the afflicted. Sharing, too, in the national triumphs 
and fortunes, St. Louis has outstripped most of her sis- 
ter cities in growth and advancement, until now, on the 
threshold of a new century, a world's interest is turn- 
ing toward the metropolis that is to celebrate with an 
historic exposition the entry of the Louisiana territory 
into the dominion of the " Stars and Stripes." 

On May 27, 1896, St. Louis was swept by a tornado. 
The terrible storm caused the sacrifice of nearly as 
many lives in the town of East St. Louis, across the 
Mississippi, as were lost in the Mound City ; but here 
it was that the greatest financial damage was suffered. 
Though there can be no accurate record of the casual- 
ties caused by the tornado, it is estimated that 215 
lives were blotted out and 1,000 persons injured in St. 
Louis. The money loss approximated ;^i5,ooo,ooo. 
Reaching across the Mississippi River, where it de- 
stroyed part of the approach to the Eads Bridge, the 
terrific storm hurled itself through the south central part 
of the city, demolishing houses and destroying every- 



HISTORICAL. 25 

thing in its path. For several days the community was 
stunned by the shock. The City Hospital had been 
razed and the telegraph, telephone, lighting and transit 
facilities of the community were crippled. But scarcely 
had the outside world been acquainted with the true ex- 
tent of the horror before St. Louis arose to the awful 
occasion. The work of rehabilitation started with the 
work of rescue and relief. Other cities offered aid, 
but the mayor of St. Louis declined it. Of course, 
'assistance came in various ways, but practically through 
her own resources St. Louis picked her way out of the 
debris and ruins and reared her head aloft, prouder, 
more beautiful and self-reliant than before. 







jOO far north to be a Southern city, and too south- 
ern in its social characteristics to be a Northern 
city ; with all the polish and finish of an Eastern 
center, and yet toned by all the warmth and spirit and 
verve of a Western metropolis, St. Louis cannot be 
exclusively claimed by one section. 

"Neither Northern nor Southern, neither Eastern 
nor Western, but just an ail-American city." This is 
the description proudly applied to his home by a St. 
Louisan. It reflects with rare accuracy the virtues and 
merits of the Mound City. And current history impreg- 
nates St. Louis' Americanism with an important signifi- 
cance — a significance that will appeal to the civilized 
universe through the medium of a W^orld's Fair. 

St. Louis has entered the new century with Progress 
and Advancement for her handmaidens. Incrested 
on her diadem of industry is the flaming legend, 
" Nothing Impossible." The center of universal in- 
terest is gravitating toward this forward-pointing figure. 

26 



ST. LOUIS TO-DAY. 27 

And no historic enterprise has promised better or more 
extensive compensation for the interest of civilized 
peoples than is contained in the plans for St. Louis' 
World's Fair — an universal exposition in a thoroughly 
American city to commemorate a thoroughly American 
event. 

On April 30, 1803, was consummated the purchase 
from France of the Louisiana Territory, than which no 
section of the United States has since done more to 
increase the puissance of American enterprise or to 
enrich the possibilities of Columbia's future. It is to 
celebrate the centennial anniversary of this historic 
event that St. Louis has taken the lead in the move- 
ment for a commemorative international exposition. 
As the city selected to be the scene of a World's Fair, 
surpassing in importance and grandeur any previous 
undertaking of its kind, St. Louis ceases to present 
merely local interests. It assumes the complexion of 
the vast domain for which the enterprise stands repre- 
sentative. It becomes the hub of that great, tremen- 
dously resourceful and incalculably energetic area once 
comprised in the Louisiana purchase, but now more 
properly described, in an inclusive sense, as the Trans- 
mississippi States. 

St. Louis' strides to the front rank of world's cities 
were accompanied by an equal advancement on the 
part of the great section of which she is the metropolis. 
In the onward career of the United States during the 
past century, and particularly during the current gen- 
eration, no region has shared more fully than the 



28 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Transmississippi States. The census of 1890 showed 
that the increase of wealth in the Transmississippi 
section . for the decade ended with that year was 
470.19 per cent, while the enhancement of property in 
the remainder of the Union during the same period 
was only 222.67 P^r cent. During the thirty years 
ended with 1890 more than half of the national increase 
of population of 99.16 per cent was in the Mississippi 
River states and west thereof. 

The Mound City itself, at the beginning of the 
century, finds itself in the midst of the country's cen- 
ters of production and population. The center of area 
is west of her, in Smith County, Kan. ; the center of 
population, constantly moving westward, was, in 1890, 
in Decatur County, Ind. ; the center of wheat pro- 
duction that year was in Hancock County, 111., close 
to the border of Iowa; the center of corn production 
was in Lewis County, Mo. ; and the center of manufac- 
tures was near Canton, O., pursuing a westerly trend. 

But the relatively phenomenal growth of St. Louis 
cannot be better indicated than by the fact that in 
forty years its assessed valuation has increased nearly 
eight fold. In i860 the municipal assessor's rolls showed 
property valued at ^57,537,415; in 1880 the figures 
were ^160,493,0,00; in 1896, ^345,940,150; and in 
1900, $380,779,280. Even more remarkable is the 
tremendous swelling of the volume of St. Louis' manu- 
factures. In i860 the value of the city's manufactured 
products aggregated $27,000,000. Since then they 
have increased more than 1000 per cent, so that for 



M. 



^'^Mt 




ST. LOUIS TO-DAY. 3 1 

the year 1901 their value becomes beyond the accuracy 
of computation, and well-informed men hazard the 
estimate that the amount will approach a billion dol- 
lars. In 1880 the value of these products was $114,- 
333^375 ; ill 1895 i^ was ^300,000,000, and in 1900 it 
was ^350,000,000. 

It would be difficult for the most fanciful imagination 
to conceive a picture of progress equal in scope and 
extent to that offered by the St. Louis of to-day as 
compared with the trading post founded by Pierre La- 
clede Liguest. From a settlement of a few scores of 
inhabitants it has worked its way by bounds and leaps 
into the fourth rank of American cities, with a popula- 
tion in round numbers of 600,000. This count does 
not include adjacent towns and residence districts 
reached by electric cars. Counting these, the popula- 
tion of St. Louis approaches the 800,000 mark. The 
remote trading post of the eighteenth century has be- 
come a trade, financial, manufacturing, industrial and 
social center whose influence and importance are felt 
in the furthermost circles of civilization. St. Louis 
trade-marks penetrate to the antipodes and find their 
way to Kamschatka ; they are sought in the marts of 
Europe and are found as well in the shops of the Cau- 
casus and the Ind ; they carry fixed values to the trader 
of Africa and are common in the markets of South Amer- 
ica. St. Louis capital has quickened the pulse of in- 
dustry in every quarter of the globe ; St. Louis manu- 
factures are sold to every people of every tongue who 
barter and trade with civilization : St. Louis banks and 



32 IN A NUTSHELL. 

financial institutions rate in every counting-house of 
the world as first-class, solid institutions. 

With a people whose intelligence and virtues are re- 
flected by social standards than which there are none 
higher or more liberal in Christendom ; with an enter- 
prise and thrift that are typified by the marvelous 
growth of the city herself ; with a wealth that finds its 
proof not only inside her corporate limits but on the 
bourses of Europe as well as in the stock exchanges of 
all America ; with a business conservatism that has 
given her name to proverbial use among financiers ; 
with every adjunct of the highest order of civilization — 
schools, art galleries, universities, libraries, musical 
conservatories, churches, hospitals, technical acade- 
mies, scientific exhibits and an annual exposition and 
fair, St. Louis is proud of her distinction as the most 
American of American cities. 

And in this pride, confident of her unfailing capa- 
bilities and resources, dowered with the trust of her 
sister cities and inspired by her eager interest of a na- 
tion and the attention of a whole world, she is prepar- 
ing to set the crowning jewel in her crest — the record 
of the Louisiana Purchase Commemorative Exposition 





FREE CITY OF THE WEST"^ 



|HERE is no feature of community life that holds 
forth more importance than that of the common 
government. In this regard, St. Louis is at once 
unique and interesting. It is an independent muni- 
cipality, sometimes termed the Free City of the West. 
In an era of intermingling judiciaries and executive 
functions, St. Louis is peculiarly untrammeled by any 
of the elaborate technicalities that go to confuse the 
corporate entities of most cities with the workings of 
county affairs. The Mound City has its own judiciary, 
its own legislature and its own executive, re-enforced 
by an ample constabulary and all those elements that 
belong to and are necessary for the maintenance of 
law, order and security. Indeed, St. Louis is unus- 
ually fortunate in its method of municipal government. 
The city administration is modeled after the best plan 
of government in the world — that of the United States. 
There are three divisions of authority: the legislative, 
judicial and executive. The first named is vested in 



24 IN A NUTSHELL. 

two houses— fashioned after the national Congress— 
and the executive. The lower House is composed of 
Delegates, the apportionment of whom is fixed at one 
for each ward. The upper chamber or City Council 
is composed of twelve councilmen chosen from the 
city at large. The judicial authority is exercised by 
circuit, criminal, correctional, police and justice 
courts, the territorial jurisdictions of which are co-ex- 
tensive with the city limits. The executive authority 
is vested in the mayor, who serves for four years, as 
do also the Councilmen, while the Delegates are chosen 
biennially. 

St. Louis has its own shrievalty, its own coroner, 
its own assessor, its own collector, its own constables 
and all of those offices which in other cities are com- 
pelled to divide their attentions between county and 
municipal matters. Beside these there are located in 
St. Louis the headquarters of the United States Circuit 
Court for the Eighth Judicial Circuit, the United 
States District Court, the United States Circuit Court 
of Appeals and the St. Louis Court of Appeals. The 
position of the city and its importance as the metropo- 
lis of the state have caused the headquarters of various 
officials to be established here instead of at the state 
capital. Among these offices headquartered in St. 
Louis are those of the State Board of Health, the In- 
spector of Oils, the State Grain Inspection Depart- 
ment, the Excise Commissioner, the Barbers' Examin- 
ing Board, the Department of Beer Inspection, the 
Fish Commissioner, Bureau of Labor Statistics, the 
Tobacco Inspector and the Butterine Inspector. 



FREE CITY OF THE WEST. 35 

No community is desirable for residence purposes 
unless it offers those safeguards for peace and security 
which every householder demands from a well regu- 
lated government. In these features of municipal life, 
St. Louis is peculiarly fortunate. Its police depart- 
ment has for decades enjoyed a reputation ominous to 
evil-doers and gratifying to law-abiders. Its detective 
department has run down the culprits in some of the 
most mysterious cases contained in criminal annals. 
The annual expenditure for the police force approxi- 
mates ^1,265,000, representing the salaries of 850 
regular patrolmen, 250 probationary patrolmen, twelve 
captains, twelve lieutenants, thirty-five turnkeys, ten 
patrol wagon drivers, 100 sergeants and twenty-five 
detectives, beside the chief and assistants chief of po- 
lice, chief and assistant chief of detectives, and the 
superintendent of the Bertillon system. The depart- 
ment was reorganized under a state law on August 2 1 , 
1899. 

Every public need and convenience has been pro- 
vided for, and St. Louis has a water supply double in 
capacity to the present consumption. The source of 
this supply is in the Mississippi River. The water- 
works became municipal property in 1835. The water 
is drawn chiefly from the river at the Chain of 
Rocks, at the extreme northern limit of the city. 
From the settling basins it flows by gravity to a system 
of reservoirs, whence it is pumped through standpipes 
and the distributing conduits to the main reservoir. 
The main conduit is seven miles long, with a carrying 
capacity of 100,000,000 gallons per day. There are 



36 IN A NUTSHELL. 

additional pumps for high-service needs. There are 
more than 4,000 water-meters in the city and fully 
500 fire hydrants. 

Ranking among the best fire departments in the 
world is St. Louis' corps of flame-fighters. Indeed, 
the Mound City's fire department service has won the 
encomiums of officials the world over. Its best com- 
mendation is found in its surpassingly effective record 
and in the low fire insurance rates that are granted on 
St. Louis buildings. The municipal fire department 
embraces thirty-nine engine companies, twelve hook 
and ladder companies and two water towers. Its sys- 
tem of control is sedulously maintained on a basis of 
merit so regulated as to procure the best possible re- 
sults. Every appliance that modern ingenuity can 
suggest to facilitate the work of the fire-fighters has 
been added to the department, among the valuable 
adjuncts of which is a telegraph signal service that en- 
ables the transmission of alarms with the certain accu- 
racy of infallible mechanism and with the marvelous 
rapidity of electricity. In addition, there is the Sal- 
vage Corps, maintained by the local underwriters for 
the purpose of minimizing property losses. This en- 
ergetic brigade works with the fire laddies, but not to 
extinguish the flames. Dashing into burning struc- 
tures, its members exert themselves to protect goods 
from damage by water. Tarpaulin sheets are thrown 
over the more valuable contents of buildings, while as- 
bestos spreads are employed wherever they are avail- 
able. Altogether, St. Louis' fire department is a model 
organization. 



FREE CITY OF THE WEST. 37 

However amply St. Louis be provided with govern- 
mental agencies for the security of the community, its 
correctional and eleemosynary institutions are no less 
generous in proportions and capacities. In addition 
to the municipal establishments, there are scores of 
charitable concerns, instituted and operated by organ- 
izations of every character and purpose. In addition 
to the City and Female Hospitals, the municipality 
numbers among its institutions the Quarantine and 
Small-pox Hospital, the Insane Asylum, the City Poor- 
house, the Workhouse and the House of Refuge. 
Among these the Female Hospital stands out as an un- 
usual eleemosynary establishment, conducted, as it is, 
exclusively for women. 

Asylums, convents, hospitals, dispensaries, havens 
of refuge for unfortunates, homes for orphans, and shel- 
tering abodes for all manners and kinds of frailer per- 
sons — deaf, dumb, blind, crippled and destitute — are 
distributed throughout the city to the number of more 
than 150. Nearly all of these are conducted by or- 
ganizations solely intended for charitable purposes. 
Others form adjuncts to societies with more material 
aims, but all serve the one end of aiding and caring 
for the unfortunate. The fact that there is very little 
actual poverty in St. Louis is explained by the sys- 
tematic work done by the Provident Association, the 
St. Vincent de Paul Society, and the Hebrew Relief 
Society, three great charitable organizations conducted 
respectively by the Protestants, Catholics and Hebrews. 



^}^ 

m A FINANCIAL FORTRESS. M 



"|rJl|EACE hath Her victories no less renowned 
I^H than War." In reckoning the world's military 
resources, no asset stands forth with a show of 
more intrinsic importance than Britain's possession of 
Gibraltar. That rock-ribbed, rock-boweled, rock- 
rooted fortress gives to England a strength of leverage 
that, in the light of war values, is possessed by no 
holding of any other power. 

What Gibraltar is to Britain's political puissance, 
St. Louis is to America's financial solidity. The art 
and ingenuity which have improved the strength of the 
natural fortress that frowns above the Straits of Gibral- 
tar, can scarcely deserve a moiety of the credit due the 
integrity, energy, enterprise and well-tempered con- 
servatism which have established in the world's great- 
est republic its financial Gibraltar. The battlemented 
structure is a sinister monument to War's horrors ; the 
great city, no less a factor of national strength, is a 
smiling promise of beneficent resource. A whole world 

38 



A FINANCIAL FORTRESS. 39 

shudders at the ugly menace of the fortress' guns ; a 
happy people count with conscious pride the vast ele- 
ments of progress and prosperity that are garnered in 
the bustling thoroughfares of the great city. The Gib- 
raltar of the Rocks is the world's greatest concentra- 
tion of destructive agencies ; the Financial Gibraltar 
of the Western Plains is the world's greatest concen- 
tration of constructive capacities. 

In everything that pertains to finances, St. Louis 
can be fully described only with superlative terms. 
Statisticians assert that the per capita wealth of the 
Mound City is the largest of any municipality in the 
world. This would mean that in real and personal 
property it is the wealthiest community that the sun 
brightens. With a population of 600,000, it has an 
assessed valuation of $380,779,280. The rate of as- 
sessment is 60 per cent of the real value, giving the 
city a wealth, fairly estimated, of about $700,000,000. 

But it is not only in the holdings of real and personal 
estates that St. Louisans find the firmest anchorage for 
the financial superiority of their city. The solidity 
of its institutions, the world-noted integrity of its busi- 
ness men and the commercial confidence that its name 
inspires throughout the country win St. Louis' pre- 
eminence. Monetary panics may rock and shake 
the money centers of other sections ; failure and re- 
verse may paralyze the trade of other cities ; financial 
syncope may come to the mercantile life of other 
places ; but amid the crashing of values and the tum- 
bling of prices, St. Louis has always presented, will al- 
ways present, the firm front of an unimpaired credit. 



40 



IN A NUTSHELL. 



No better instance of this could be given than by 
the records of the money stress that perturbed the 
United States during the early part of the decade just 
ended. Despite the gloom and hysteria that pervaded 
business circles from one end of the nation to the 
other, and even communicated their distressful influ- 
ences to the financial activities of Europe, the progress 
of the Mound City continued. Arrested in a measure, 
of course, by the stoppage of trade throughout the im- 
mense industrial and agricultural area of which it is 
the hub, the severest shocks were not sufficient to to- 
tally suspend the city's onward march. 

The percentage of failures was smaller and the de- 
preciation of values less extensive in St. Louis than in 
any other of the American business centers. And 
when the revival did come, and forges flashed again 
with the fires of renewed industry, and the nation ex- 
ulted in a new era of prosperity, it was St. Louis that 
bounded to the forefront of commercial expansion. It 
was she who rode the crest of the onsweeping current 
of business rehabilitation, while the strength of her in- 
vestments and the support of her patronage bore on to 
restored solvency and success her vast tributary sec- 
tions. 

Capitalists of other cities and other countries have 
marveled at the stability of St. Louis' resources and, 
marveling, sought the reason. Their answer is con- 
tained in the balance of her business men and the equi- 
poise of her financiers. With a conservatism that is a 
contrast beside fogyism, they are always ready to fos- 



A FINANCIAL FORTRESS. 43 

ter new enterprises and engage in new ventures. Nov- 
elty does not deter them ; all they require is that the 
investment be legitimate and reasonably safe. 

"Gilt-edge" is the description given St. Louis se- 
curities in every exchange and bourse of the world. 
The public and private credit of the city has come to 
constitute a financial maxim. It is the index to the 
sources of the community's money strength. St. Louis 
has for generations stood in the lexicon of finances for 
soundness. A merchant in the remotest corner of the 
trade world is predisposed in favor of a credit transac- 
tion with a dealer whose environment bespeaks integ- 
rity. For this reason, it has been easy for St. Louis 
capitalists and wholesalers to reach out for the custom, 
concessions and business of the furthest regions. St. 
Louis capital has flowed through the channels of de- 
velopment into South America, Africa, Asia, and even 
far-off Australasia. 

It is no wonder, then, that the enormous task of 
financing a World's Fair, the disbursements in connec- 
tion with which are practically certain to reach the 
tremendous aggregate of $50,000,000, is confidently 
intrusted to the business leaders of such a city. As 
the name, St. Louis, attached to any asset, is a certain 
warrant of worth, so the fact that St. Louis is to devote 
its energies and genius to the Louisiana Purchase Cen- 
tennial Exposition is a guaranty of the success of that 
enterprise. 

At the end of the fiscal year 1 899-1 900 the out- 
standing bonded debt of the municipality of St. Louis 



44 IN A NUTSHELL. 

amounted to $18,916,278.30, beside $189,315.59 ad- 
vanced out of the treasury in anticipation of the rev- 
enue for the sinking fund for the year 1 900-1 901, giv- 
ing a totalindedtedness of $19,10^,393-^9- The re- 
duction of the debt during the year amounted to $397,- 
790.92. The annual interest charges on the munici- 
pality's debt outstanding amount to only $778,409.28, 
or an average of 4. 115 per cent. 

In the presence of these figures it is instructive to 
recall that an issue of St. Louis 3^ per cent bonds, un- 
der date of June i, 1898, was sold at $1, 045-42 per 
$1,000 bond. 

The total taxes in St. Louis amount to $1.95 on the 
$100 on a basis of a 60 per cent valuation. On a cash 
valuation, this would mean $11.70 per $1,000. These 
figures indicate that St. Louis, as a municipal corpora- 
tion, will have little difficulty in floating the $5,000^ 
000 bond issue projected in connection with and for 
the advancement of the coming World's Fair. 




THE SINEWS OF TRADE. 1 




■p^S THE meteorologic table indicates the climate 
Q^ of a section, so the banks and trust companies 
of St. Louis point out the financial strength of 
the city. The solidity of the community's business 
interests is reflected by the conservatism of the institu- 
tions which handle them. 

The financial institutions of the city began the year 
1 90 1 under conditions most auspicious, and the Clear- 
ing House records day by day and week by week have 
told a story of most gratifying growth. A marked 
feature of the development has been the increase of the 
number of trust companies and the augmentation of the 
resources of these great enterprises. Looking back 
from the beginning of the year, Mr. T. A. Stoddart, 
Manager of the St. Louis Clearing House, reviews the 
financial record of 1900 most interestingly. "Bank 
clearings from the opening to the closing of the year," 
he says, "were larger than those of the previous year. 



46 IN A NUTSHELL. 

The total clearings for 1900 were $1,688,849,494, ex- 
ceeding by $50,501,291 those of 1899, which was the 
largest previous year on record. In the past year 
$1,985,500 was paid in dividends to stockholders by 
the banks and trust companies of St. Louis, of which 
$474,000 was paid by the twelve State banks, $934,000 
by the seven National banks, and $577,500 by four 
trust companies. In 1899 the amount paid in dividends 
by these same institutions was $1,478,000, making the 
increase for the year $507,500." 

Since Mr. Stoddart reviewed the past year's record, 
four new trust companies have been added to the list, 
making seven great institutions, and all of them are in 
a flourishing condition. 

The coming of the trust companies may be said to 
have marked the beginning of a new era in the mone- 
tary history of the metropolis of the great Mississippi 
Valley, and the influence of these great industries has 
come to be almost national. 

The nineteen Clearing House Association banks and 
their $16^900,000 of capital are as follows: National 
Bank of Commerce, $5,000,000; Boatmen's Bank, 
$2,000,000; State National Bank, $2,000,000; Mer- 
chants-Laclede National Bank, $1,400,000; Third Na- 
tional Bank, $1,000,000; Continental National Bank, 
$1,000,000; Mechanics' Bank, $1,000,000; Fourth 
National Bank, $1,000,000; Franklin Bank, $600,- 
000 ; American Exchange Bank, $500,000; German 
Savings Institution, $250,000; Northwestern Savings 
Bank, $200,000 ; International Bank, $200,000 ; South 



THE SINEWS OF TRADE. 47 

Side Bank, ^200,000; German-American Bank, ^150,- 
000; Lafayette Bank, ;^ioo,ooo; Jefferson Bank, 
;^ioo,ooo; Southern Commercial and Savings Bank, 
^100,000; Bremen Bank, ^100,000. The total de- 
posits of these nineteen establishments in 1900 aggre- 
gated ^120,947,932. 

The capital and surplus of the eight trust companies 
in St. Louis are as follows: 

Capital. Surplus. 

Mississippi Valley Trust Company....$ 3,000,000 $ 3,500,000 

St. Louis Trust Company 3,000,000 2,000,000 

Union Trust Company 2,000,000 3,000,000 

Commonwealth Trust Company 1.000,000 1,000,000 

Mercantile Trust Company 1,500,000 2,000,000 

Lincoln Trust Company 1.000,000 400000 

Title Guarantee Trust Company... 1,500,000 750,000 

Missouri Trust Company 2,000,000 

Total $15,000,000 $12,650,000 

The business community of St. Louis owes much to 
these trust companies. At a critical juncture in the 
city's financial history, they served as the anchors to 
which the money solidity and integrity of the whole 
municipality were chained. 

The development of the trust feature in the financial 
affairs of St. Louis has been such as to attract the at- 
tention of the world. Every one of these giant con- 
cerns is firmly founded, and the conservatism that 
guides their affairs is of a piece with the financial 
history of the city. This conservatism is in no wise 
old fogyism. Thoroughly up to date, and bold with the 
assurance of absolute solidity, not a one of the great 
concerns would hesitate to finance any enterprise of a 



48 IN A NUTSHELL. 

legitimate character, if sound business sense showed a 
probability of success. The officers of all these institu- 
tions are men whose names mean millions of money, 
and whose Integrity is beyond question. Experts in 
their several departments of the science of finance, these 
men have records almost as well known in the business 
centers on the shores of the Atlantic and Pacific as they 
are at home, and even in the great cities of the Old 
World. The oldest of these institutions is the St. Louis 
Trust Company, organized in 1889. Then comes the 
Mississippi Valley and the Union, both of which began 
business in 1890. These all prospered, and four years 
later the Lincoln Trust Company was launched. The 
Mercantile Trust Company entered the field still later, 
and only recently the Missouri Trust Company came 
here from Sedalia, seeking a broader field. Following 
the financial fashion, the Commonwealth and the Title 
Guarantee appeared. That these new concerns, all of 
them with seasoned financiers at the helm, found plenty 
of business without in the least hurting the older insti- 
tutions, shows what a fruitful field was waiting to be 
harvested. The transactions of most of these trust 
companies take a wide range, covering almost every 
branch of finance, from savings banks for wage earners 
to promoters and underwriters for vast enterprises re- 
quiring millions to manage. With their trust, legal, 
savings, loan, guarantee, real estate and other depart- 
ments, each may be said to be a monetary world in 
itself. 



i 



IN TOUCH J 

WITH THE WORLD. ^1 



ECADES ago, before the rush and clang of steam 
engines, great caravans of wagons and mules, 
threading the untrammelled prairies and- forests 
of the continent in their search for the Western El Do- 
rado, found St. Louis the most important point in their 
itinerary. It was here that the great wagon trains of 
the voyageurs were organized, the teamsters engaged 
and the supply stores gathered. Emigrants, com- 
mencing the long journey from points further East, 
found St. Louis the depot where final preparations 
must be made for the plunge into the wilds of the Great 
Further West. 

And as the wealth of the products of wood and plain, 
floating down the tawny bosom of the Mississippi to the 
Gulf, grew in volume and value, St. Louis came to be the 
entrepot not only for the river trade North and South, 
but for the overland commerce East and West as well. 
Geography made St. Louis a natural center of transpor- 
tation and trade ; and the readiness of the hardy fron- 



50 IN A NUTSHELL. 

tiersman to discover convenience of place and travel 
accentuated the importance of the Mound City as the 
starting and relay point of arteries of communication 
leading to and from the center of the country in all 
directions to and from all sections. So long as opu- 
lence and prodigality remain features of trade traditions 
the story of the Mississippi River traffic of St. Louis' 
early days will find eager listeners. It is claimed in 
some quarters that the wealth accumulated here through 
the enormous shipping on the great Father of Waters 
furnished the foundation for those fortunes and re- 
sources which in later days made the city the financial 
giant that it is. 

The advent of the railroad revolutionized commercial 
communication. Of course, it resulted in loss to those 
peculiar lines of trade which depended for their sub- 
sistence exclusively on river traffic. The superb sleep- 
ing cars of the rail, with their incomparably greater 
expedition, displaced the floating palaces and their 
accompanying expensiveness of languid leisure. Per- 
ishable freight, which could not survive the longer 
period required for a boat trip down or up the river, 
was shipped on the swift-running trains ; and merchants 
and tradesmen grew to rely on the iron horse rather 
than the palatial and slower rolling river craft. 

But the Mississippi boat-owners struggled vigorously 
against the railroads. And the fight brought an en- 
hancement of accommodation and facility in both 
methods of transport. Perhaps nothing more beneficial 
to the progress of St. Louis could have transpired than 



IN TOUCH WITH THE WORLD. 53 

this competition between great transit interests. 
Cheaper carriage tariffs brought greater profit to the 
shipper and lower prices to the consumer. Trade 
thrived and commerce expanded. The railroads, par- 
alleling the river at every opportunity and " milking " 
the transportation sources of the boat traffic, made St. 
Louis even a more important center of transportation 
by rail than it had been by water. 

Thus what the pioneer and frontiersman brought 
about through necessity and convenience was perpet- 
uated by the later transit agencies for purposes of 
profit. St. Louis is to day the greatest interior railroad 
center in America. Thirty great lines find this their 
headquarters. Their combined mileage is many thou- 
sands of miles greater than that of all the railroads of 
either England, France or Germany. 

The tremendous extent of this traffic is indicated by 
the fact that an average of 400 passenger trains, beside 
interminable strings of freight cars, arrive and depart 
from the city daily. Every comfort that is attached to 
the most elaborately furnished railroad system in the 
world finds its place on the lines running from Union 
Station. These trains, traveling in all directions, bring 
30,000,000 of people into close contact within the brief 
space of twelve hours. Between the rising and setting 
of a sun more humanity hear the throb of the same en- 
gines in the territory surrounding St. Louis than it 
would be possible to reach by rail in the same time 
from any other point in the country. It is the proud 
boast of New Yorkers that 34,000,000 persons are 



54 IN A NUTSHELL. 

domiciled within twenty-four hours of rail distance 
from Gotham — only 4,000,000 more persons than are 
reached in half the time from St. Louis. Were the 
same schedules in vogue on the same number of lines 
in an equally populated section beyond the twelve-houi 
limit, as is the case in the first twelve hours' ride from 
out the Mound City, the trains from St. Louis would 
reach 50,000,000 of people within twenty-four hours. 

Certain it is that a twelve hours' journey from this 
city takes the traveler through a country more diversi- 
fied in its interests, more prolific in resource and re- 
sponding more readily to the touch of progress, than 
any section reached from any of the larger cities in an 
equal lapse of time. 

Where there is such an expedition of communication 
by rail with such an important and extensive area, facil- 
ities of intercourse by wire and mail necessarily follow. 
The two great telegraph companies long ago recognized 
the need and wisdom of being prepared to meet every 
emergency in St. Louis, and the local ofifices of both 
concerns are fitted with means and appliances for the 
handling of as much telegraphic business as the most 
extraordinary situation might require. 

The elasticity of these facilities was proven in 1896, 
during the Republican National Convention, when more 
matter was sent out over the wires from St. Louis than 
had ever before been transmitted by telegraph from one 
point during the same period. Every civilized corner 
of the globe is in direct touch with the city through 
the medium of the telegraph operator's key. 



IN TOUCH WITH TftE WORLD. 55 

Fully as important and gratifying to even a larger 
percentage of people are the splendid postal conven- 
iences with which St. Louis is favored. Fast mail 
trains, inaugurated from St. Louis in 1887 by a " West- 
ern flyer," now carry the daily newspapers to every 
hamlet in the city's tributary sections, north, east, south 
and west. The St. Louis morning papers, by means 
of these fast mail trains, are on sale in the streets of 
Burlington, lo., Kansas City, Mo., Little Rock, Ark., 
and Louisville, Ky., before 10 o'clock each morning. 

There is no post-office in Christendom that affords a 
prompter or a more complete service than the one in 
St. Louis. Indeed, many reforms and improvements 
inaugurated here have been copied and duplicated in 
Chicago, New York and other cities. Among these is 
the latest venture of the Postal Department in the direc- 
tion of a quicker general service — the registration of 
letters by carriers. This plan was initiated in St. Louis, 
approved by the authorities at Washington, and is 
even now in process of extension to other sections of 
the nation. 

Delivery of mail in the suburbs is expedited by the 
use of postal cars on the various electric street railway 
lines — cars fitted with as many facilities as the best 
coaches in the railway mail service. 

Altogether, St. Louis' railroad, telegraph and mail 
facilities, by reason of their superlative effectiveness, 
annul distance and destroy space, putting the city in as 
close communication with the furthermost sections of 
the country as though they were adjacent districts. 



[|, GRAND MONUMENTS J 
OF PROGRESS. 



1 



ARTHAGE, Thebes, Memphis and the other 
heroic cities of the obscure past are known to us 
chiefly through the threads of architectural tra- 
dition that their ruins vouchsafe. Archaeologists find 
in the crumbled masonry of departed peoples the truest 
index to their lives, pursuits, hopes, ambitions and 
happiness. " Show me the market places and temples 
of a race and I will write you their history." 

St. Louis could well afford to have its annals based 
on such a predicate. From the famous structure that 
spans the Mississippi on the city's eastern edge, through 
the spacious and conveniently-filled business houses of 
the down-town district, out among the tasteful cottages 
and homes of the residence sections to the modern 
palaces of the ultra-fashionable neighborhood, St. Louis 
architecture tells a story of artistic and utilitarian 
sequences. 

Modern utilities present no more notable industrial 
monument then the great St. Louis steel bridge across 

56 



GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 57 

the Mississippi River. It deservedly holds place in the 
front rank of the world's structural and engineering 
feats. The genius of Capt. James B. Eads and the 
triumph of St. Louis' progressiveness find lasting union 
in this memorial of steel and stone. 

Seven years were occupied in building the great 
structure. The contract for the masonry work was let 
in August, 1867, to James Andrews, of Allegheny, Pa. 
The first stone in the western abutment pier was laid 
on February 25, 1868; the first stone on the caisson 
of the east channel pier on October 25, 1869 ; and the 
first stone on the caisson of the west channel pier on 
January 15, 1870. The total cost of the entire bridge, 
including the approaches, was $6,536,729.99, but when 
the charges for interest, commissions for charters and 
financial agents, damages, hospital expenses, etc., are 
added the sum is swelled to nearly ten millions. The 
bridge was completed and opened to public travel on 
May 23, 1874, an elaborate celebration to commemo- 
rate the occasion being held on the following Fourth 
of July. 

The structure is without its equal in the world in the 
way of bridges of the arch or truss pattern. It is the 
greatest bridge over the greatest river in the^ world. 
On June 9, 1874, it supported the first railroad train 
that crossed the Mississippi from Illinois to Missouri. 

Each of the side arches of the bridge has a span of 
502 feet in the clear, while the central arch stretches 
520 feet over deep water. The three magnificent steel 
arches are fashioned with such engineering finesse that 



58 IN A NUTSHELL. 

the utmost tensile strength is procured, and the burden 
that can be supported is far beyond the probabilities 
of ordinary use. The bridge is a two-story structure, 
the great arches carrying double-track railways with a 
broad highway, seventy-five feet in width, above. On 
this highway are promenades on either side, with four 
tracks or iron tramways for street-cars or other carriages 
between. Thus four vehicles may easily travel abreast 
along this great structure without blocking traffic. 

The purposes for which the bridge was built required 
the construction of a tunnel through which trains could 
reach the St. Louis approach ; and this undertaking 
was in itself a great industrial task. The distance from 
the entrance of the tunnel at the southern terminus to 
the terminus of the railway approach east of Cahokia 
Creek in East St. Louis is two miles 146 yards 
and two feet, which is really the length of the bridge 
railway. 

Fifteen years after the completion of the Eads bridge, 
a number of the railway companies operating east and 
west lines through St. Louis opened to traffic the sec- 
ond structure that spans the Mississippi River at the 
Mound City. It is intended exclusively for railroad 
uses and is known as the Merchants' Bridge. It is in 
itself a structure of unusual magnitude and strength, 
stretching across the great Father of Waters from Bis- 
sell's Point in North St. Louis to a point on the Illinois 
shore opposite the town of Madison. 

Following the great double railway tunnel that leads 
from the western approach of the mighty Eads bridge, 



GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 6 1 

out under Washington Avenue to Seventh Street, along 
a curve from that point to Eighth and Locust Streets 
and thence under Eighth to Poplar Streets, a run of a 
few blocks brings the traveler to another of St. Louis' 
architectural wonders. Union Station. 

When, on September i, 1894, ceremonies were con- 
ducted in celebration of the formal opening of the St. 
Louis Union Station, an epoch was marked not only in 
the accomplishments of modern architecture, but in 
the history of railroads as well. No other transit depot 
in the world is entitled to comparison with this magnifi- 
cent edifice. Affording conveniences and facilities for 
trafific the recital of which would crowd columns of tab- 
ulated statements, the station is at the same time an 
artistic and engineering marvel. It furnishes one of 
the world-famous spectacles of St. Louis. 

On Market Street facing north, the Union Station 
extends from Eighteenth Street west to Twentieth 
Street, a distance of 606 feet. The station proper, or 
head house, and the Midway between it and the train 
shed cover 497,092 square feet or eleven and one- 
tenth acres. The yards south of the train shed, be- 
tween it and the power-house, contain 465,970 square 
feet, making a total area for the Union Station itself, 
exclusive of all the main track approaches, of 963,062 
square feet, or twenty acres. In this space of activity, 
there are nineteen miles of railroad track, of which the 
thirty- one tracks under the train shed compose three 
and one-half miles. 

The largest inter-locking system in the world is em- 



62 IN A NUTSHELL. 

ployed in the yards. It is worked by 122 levers and 
controls 130 switches and 103 signals. The station 
electric lighting plant has a capacity for 300 arc and 
5,000 incandescent lamps. At the Eighteenth Street 
end of the great station building, the clock tower rises 
to a height of 232 feet above the track level and 247 
feet above the structure's bottom foundation. It lifts 
itself from a base forty feet square and its conical roof 
shelters an arcade and a balcony. 

The first ground for the construction of the Union 
Station was broken on April i, 1892. The cost of the 
site, the buildings and the entire system of tracks and 
other improvements exceeded $6,500,000. The train 
shed is 700 feet in length and 606 feet in breadth ; it 
covers an area of 424,000 square feet and shelters 
thirty-one tracks, on which are operated the railroads 
of twenty-two companies. 

But the great host of utilitarian devices that are as- 
sembled in this magnificent structural area do not out- 
rival in interest the beauty of the architectural inge- 
nuity with which the whole is garnished. The massive 
front of Bedford limestone which first greets the be- 
holder on Market Street gives an augury of the artistic 
taste with which the arrangement of the interior is car- 
ried out. Magnificent vestibules, spacious corridors 
and waiting rooms, exquisite alcoves and dormers, 
superb frescoings and allegorical figures, all surround- 
ing and leading to the superb grand central hall, make 
up an array of separate and collective beauties well 
worth considerable travel by the artistic sight-seer. 



• GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 63 

This grand central hall, 74x120 feet, with a floor area 
of 8,880 square feet, laid with mosaic tiles, with a 
barrel-vaulted ceiling sixty feet above and pierced at 
either end with arches forty feet in diameter, is one of 
the most notable chambers designed by modern arch- 
itects. Altogether, St. Louis' Union Station is a mon- 
ument of genius and progress in which the great city 
might well take one of its chiefest prides. 

A decade has worked wondrous changes in the 
downtown architecture of St. Louis. One who visited 
the city in 1890 and returned at the beginning of the 
twentieth century would be immeasurably astonished by 
the character of the office buildings that have mean- 
while lifted themselves skyward. Indeed, practically 
all of the great edifices that make St. Louis one of the 
architectural leaders of the world have been erected in 
the past ten or fifteen years. It is little more than a 
decade since two stories were added to the Equitable 
building at Sixth and Locust Streets, and that structure 
became the solidly imposing pile that it is. 

The two tallest structures in St. Louis adjoin each 
other on the North side of Olive between Seventh and 
Eighth Streets. They are the Union Trust and Chem- 
ical Buildings, the former being fourteen and the latter 
sixteen stories in height. Perhaps no other city in the 
world can boast finer office structures. 

The Laclede Building at Fourth and Olive Streets 
holds the contested credit of being the first fire-proof 
"sky-comber" erected in St. Louis. The Commer- 
cial Building at Sixth and Olive Streets soon followed, 



64 IN A NUTSHELL. 

and then came the Odd Fellows' Hall on Ninth and 
Olive Streets. Adjoining the Chemical Building on 
Eighth Street, opposite the mass of granite that com- 
poses the Post Office, is the Turner Building, which, 
though not as lofty as some of its neighbors, is one of 
the most substantial office structures in existence. 
Next to and north of the Turner Building is the Colum- 
bia. 

On the other side of the Post Office or Federal Build- 
ing, on Ninth and Olive Streets, is the Century Build- 
ing, one of the largest and finest office structures in 
the world. The Holland Building, on the west side 
of Seventh, between Olive and Pine Streets, vies with 
its neighbor, the Union Trust, in loftiness of eleva- 
tion. Half a block south is the Fullerton Building, at 
Seventh and Pine Streets. It, the Carleton Building at 
Sixth and Olive Streets, and other of the newer office 
structures are perhaps a trifle more ornate in appear- 
ance than the downtown edifices that were erected 
half a dozen years before ; but no office buildings in 
the world present a larger measure of comfort or a 
more assuring sense of solidity than such as the Globe- 
Democrat Building at Sixth and Pine Streets, the Hou- 
ser Building at Broadway and Chestnut Streets, or the 
Security Building at Fourth and Locust Streets. 

The Rialto Building at Fourth and Olive Streets and 
the Wainwright Building at Seventh and Chestnut 
Streets are of the newer patterns, with the latest archi- 
tectural conceits of symmetry and airiness. 

The Lincoln Trust Building, just across Chestnut 



GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 65 

Street from the Wainwright, is an imposing structure. 
The new Mercantile Trust Building at Eighth and 
Locust Streets, and the Spencer Building at Seventh 
and Market Streets, both now in course of construction, 
will be magnificent additions to the city's growth. 

Though the superb office structures of St. Louis rep- 
resent tens of millions of dollars in investment, a host 
of architectural triumphs and an unremitting world of 
industry, the commercial palaces and business edifices 
of the community are fully as representative in each of 
these directions. Perhaps one of the widest known 
industrial institutions of St. Louis is its leading brew- 
ery, the Anheuser-Busch plant. It is in itself a whole 
community, bustling with more energy, swarming with 
more humanity, and representing a larger financial in- 
vestment than are comprised in any one of a thousand 
American towns, each of which boasts a post office and 
a municipal organization. 

The Anheuser-Busch plant, unlike most business 
structures, is worth inspection from a purely architec- 
tural standpoint. The component edifices, the grounds 
and plots surrounding them, the auxiliary comforts and 
arrangements, are designed and fixed with a nicety and 
tastefulness that compel artistic admiration. Then, 
when the beauty and magnitude of the buildings are 
comprehended, comes a sense of the enormous manu- 
facturing energy that finds its domicile there. More 
than 60,000,000 gallons of beer are annually brewed 
there and shipped to all quarters of the globe. 

There are scores of industrial institutions in St. 



66 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Louis, the proportions of each of which can be described 
only in superlative terms. There are the two largest 
tobacco factories in the United States ; the largest shoe 
house in the world ; the largest drug house in the world ; 
and there is the most notable wholesale and jobbing 
concern in the world, Cupples Station. Within a 
stone's throw of this enormous emporium are the dom- 
iciles of the largest hardware and the largest wooden- 
ware concerns in the world, while clustered all about 
them are the magnificent establishments of immense 
grocery, iron and implement, candy, drug and other 
mercantile houses, the structural material gathered 
there representing an outlay of fully a dozen million 
dollars. 

Aside from its private and commercial buildings, St. 
Louis has a number of public edifices, each of which 
commands the admiration of architects. In grandeur 
of construction and elaborateness of design, the new 
City Hall, when completed, will be one of the finest 
municipal buildings in the world. Work on the build- 
ing was commenced in 1891 and thus far it has cost 
$1,550,000. Conservative estimates show that $275,- 
000 more will be required for the structure's comple- 
tion. It consists of four stories and a basement, built 
of granite, brick and stone. The City Hall, with its 
grounds, occupies two blocks between Twelfth and 
Thirteenth Streets and Clark Avenue and Market Street. 
It fronts 250 feet on Market and 358 feet on Twelfth 
Street. The cost of construction is defrayed out of the 
municipal revenues, no bonds being issued for the 
purpose. 



GRANI? MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 67 

Perhaps no class of buildings gives St. Louis a wider 
reputation than its hotels. Up to a decade ago, the 
idea of sumptuous hostelries and superb caravansaries 
was peculiarly associated with New York and the larger 
cities of the East. Indeed, Gotham was credited with 
having the most miagnificent hotels in the world. But 
ten years have worked marvels in the hotel accommo- 
dations of St. Louis, which to-day rival those of any 
city in America. 

The Planter's Hotel, completed in the middle '90's, 
on Fourth Street, occupies the entire block between 
Pine and Chestnut Streets. The big structure, repre- 
senting an investment of more than $2,000,000, con- 
tains 450 rooms and accommodates on ordinary occa- 
sions from 1200 to 1500 guests. 

The Southern Hotel occupies the block bounded by 
Broadway, Fourth, Walnut and Elm Streets. The 
proprietors claim it is absolutely fire-proof. 

The St. Nicholas Hotel, a recently-erected structure 
of splendid design and the highest class of interior 
arrangements, at Eighth and Locust Streets, is in the 
front rank of modern hostelries. Its fame is national. 

The Lindell Hotel, in the heart of the wholesale dis- 
trict, on Washington Avenue, between Sixth and Sev- 
enth Streets, is probably one of the best known institu- 
tions of its kind in America. It contains 240 rooms 
and frequently registers 1000 guests. 

No less noted is the Laclede Hotel, at Chestnut and 
Sixth Streets, with 150 rooms and accommodations for 
700 guests. The Laclede and the Lindell, bearing 



68 IN A NUTSHELL. 

names that find frequent occurrence in St. Louis' his- 
tory, are landmarks of the Mound City. 

The Imperial Hotel, adjoining the Laclede on Chest- 
nut Street, with modern equipments and facilities, boasts 
a capacity for 600 guests. The St. James Hotel, on 
Broadway, in the Olympic Theater block, has accom- 
modations for nearly 800 guests ; and with the Moser, 
on Pine, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, and the 
Rozier, at Thirteenth and Olive Streets, opposite the 
Exposition, completes the list of the more important 
down-town hotels. 

But a distinctive feature of the hostelry adjuncts of 
St. Louis is furnished by the large number of excellent 
hotels in the residence sections of the city beside those 
which have been established in the vicinity of the great 
Union Station. Among this last class is the Terminal, 
in the Union Station building itself, with 100 rooms. 
Dotting all sections of the city, like oases for transients, 
are more than 125 comfortable hotels; and out in the 
West End are several caravansaries with an elegance 
and convenience of arrangement peculiarly St. Louisan 
in their spirit and adaptability. Among these are the 
Hotel Beers, the Grand Avenue Hotel, the West End 
Hotel, the Hotel Berlin, the Westmoreland, the West- 
minster and several others, all elegantly appointed and 
thoroughly up to date, and most of them new. 

Besides these, six large new hotels are already pro- 
jected, and work has been commenced on three of 
them. 

Hundreds of spacious apartment and lodging houses 



f^- 



--^ 




THE KUIvIvKR-TON, 

SPECIMEN ST. LOUIS OFFICE BUILDING. 



GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 7 1 

add to the city's capacities for the entertainment of 
guests during conventions or fetes. 

Incidental to St. Louis' hotels, interest, especially 
for visitors and strangers in the city, attaches to the 
subject of handling travelers and their baggage. The 
St. Louis Transfer Company maintains an office at the 
Union Station, and a supply of carriages, coaches and 
baggage wagons to transport passengers and baggage 
to and from Union Station and any part of the city. 
This company checks baggage through from residences 
to destination, to any part of the United States and 
Canada to which a traveler can purchase a ticket ; it 
has its agents on all incoming trains to take up travel- 
ers, railroad checks and arrange for delivery of baggage 
to hotels and residences. In addition to the handling 
of passengers, it operates half a dozen large warehouses 
for the storage of freight, and receiving depots in St. 
Louis for the railroads that terminate at East St. Louis, 
and transports by wagons from the railroads at East St. 
Louis to the merchant's door in Louis, and vice versa 
when the merchant is the shipper, the greater bulk of 
the merchandise hauled by the fourteen railroads ter- 
minating on the east bank of the Mississippi River. 



CENTERS OF J 

l(t COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. Ij 



]N any one of the scores of industrial and trade 
institutions that give to St. Louis its commercial 
pre-eminence can be found the evidence of dis- 
tinctive greatness. Here there is no faltering effort. 
No better proof of this is possible than is found in the 
fact that St. Louis has already taken rank as the fourth 
manufacturing city of America, and that its factories 
continue to increase in number and capacities with a 
rapidity which far outstrips those of any other city in 
the world. It is estimated that in 1900 nearly 7,000 
manufacturing concerns are giving occupation to 
200,000 St. Louisans, while the total value of the prod- 
uct which shows the impress of their handiwork will, 
in the course of one year, aggregate ^350,000,000. 

Speeding forward in all branches of manufacturing 
industry, the Mound City has taken an unapproachable 
lead in a number of them. Such, for instance, is its 
supremacy in the manufacture of woodenware, crackers, 
stoves and ranges, tin-plate and street cars. In these 

72 



CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 73 

and other lines it either has the largest factory or is 
credited with a larger output of product than any other 
one city on earth. On this basis of supremacy St. 
Louis also leads the world in the manufacture of to- 
bacco, beer, boots and shoes, chairs, saddlery and 
harness, terra cotta, white lead, sewer pipe, fire brick, 
pressed brick, chemicals and proprietary medicines. 

Street cars made in St. Louis carry the peoples of 
every latitude. They are being sent to the furthermost 
part of the world ; and wherever the march of progress 
has brought the modern conveniences of public transit, 
the trade marks of St. Louis manufacturers herald the 
industrial supremacy of the Mound City. 

The only extensive rubber manufacturing establish- 
ment in the West is among the many new industrial 
enterprises that have recently added themselves to the 
community's host of producing agencies. The making 
of structural iron and steel, the milling of flour and 
meal, the manufacture of farming and agricultural im- 
plements, the construction of road vehicles and ma- 
chinery of every description, and in fact the productive 
genius as applied to every phase of utility gives em- 
ployment to workmen and gains profit for investors in 
St. Louis. 

The marvelous expansion of the city's manufacturing 
energies is indicated by the fact that the decade which 
ended with the century just closed witnessed an average 
increase of loo per cent in the number of factories, the 
number of hands employed and the wages paid to 
them, while the capital invested in these manufacturing 



74 IN A NUTSHELL. 

establishments was during the same period fully 
trebled. 

Hand in hand with its manufactures, the wholesale 
and jobbing interests and activities of St. Louis are 
striding toward the goal of trade mastery. Perhaps 
no other inland city in the world presents such a diver- 
sified array of gigantic commercial institutions. 
Scarcely a staple handled by trade-carriers on any sec- 
tion of the globe that does not find a leading dealer in 
St. Louis. The Mound City's shoes mark the soil from 
the icelands of Hudson Bay to the mysterious wilds of 
Patagonia, from the Klondike's new golconda to the 
distant Philippines, from the tesselated coasts of Europe 
to the dreary steppes of Siberia. Its dry goods, in the 
handling of the high grades of which St. Louis proba- 
bly outrivals any city in America, are shipped wherever 
the trade of the nation has penetrated. With the 
largest hardware establishment on earth, St. Louis fur- 
nishes domestic utensils and field implements to the 
pioneer in Australia, the explorer in Africa, the traveler 
and his host in Asia and even to the patrons of out- 
rivaled European competitors. 

The tremendous advance that the city has made in 
these lines of commerce can be readily instanced with 
the growth of its boot and shoe trade. In iwo decades, 
St. Louis' commerce in this line has sprung from less 
than $1,000,000 to more than $32,000,000. St. Louis 
is the second largest distributing center of footwear in 
America. 

With a colossal trade in clothing, the city is the 
largest soft hat market In the United States. 



CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 7«| 

Its hardware sales for 1901 are estimated at $18,- 
000,000. 

The greatest distributing point in the Western hem- 
isphere for chemicals of every description, St. Louis 
boasts the largest drug house in the world, with half-a- 
dozen competitors ranking among the foremost estab- 
lishments of their kind. 

An index to the magnitude of the city's tobacco 
trade is given by the fact that in one year the sales of 
smoking and chewing material approximate ^30,000,- 
000. 

St. Louis' yearly business in leather, furniture, bread- 
stuffs, electrical supplies, live stock, paper, glassware 
and notions, plumbing material, railway and transit 
supplies, oranges, bananas, lumber, coffee, flour and 
groceries, grain, provisions and coal gives it leading 
rank in each of those lines of trade ; and in some of 
them it has distanced all other cities. In the saddlery 
and harness business the city leads the United States, 
while its annual trade in leather is approaching the ten 
million dollar mark. Its furniture business is estimated 
to yearly exceed $25,000,000, and in many branches of 
this commerce it has unquestioned supremacy. 

Always one of the world's leading trade centers for 
horses, mules, cattle and other live stock, the extra- 
ordinary demand occasioned toward the close of the 
century for international military operations accent- 
uated St. Louis' superlative importance in this direc- 
tion. Immense values were involved in the city's ship- 
ments of horses and mules to foreign countries in 1899 
and 1900. 



76 IN A NUTSHELL. 

The rapidly developing lumber trade of the South- 
land gives impetus to St. Louis' jobbing and wholesale 
business in this line of commerce. 

The great extent of the city's coal trade becomes 
clear when the phenomenal growth of its manufacturing 
industries is recalled, together with the accompanying 
necessity for increased fuel. Coal is delivered to man- 
ufacturers in St. Louis by annual contract at a price 
practically equivalent to ^i per ton. 

As no single treasury could store the values repre- 
sented in the wholesale and jobbing pursuits of St. 
Louis, so, too, can no one volume adequately describe 
their details. But their titanic proportions are in part 
reflected in one representative institution, Cupples 
Station. That gigantic establishment takes added im- 
portance from the fact that it is in the center of the 
coffee district of the greatest inland coffee market of 
the world. Cupples Station embraces thirteen of the 
most extensive firms in St. Louis engaged in the 
handling of groceries and kindred wares. These con- 
cerns were assembled into one vast establishment for 
the purpose of expediting receipts and shipments and 
of reducing transportation charges. The station occu- 
pies a site on the Terminal Association railroad tracks 
at Seventh and Spruce Streets, and the ground floors 
have been bridged over in order to secure the largest 
possible measure of area. Thus, all the great railroad 
lines that operate through St. Louis are enabled to d«- 
liver and receive freight at the doors of this gigantic 
emporium. An idea of the enhanced facilities afforded 



CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 77 

by this aggregation of industry is given by the state- 
ment that in one month 46,000,000 pounds of freight 
has been handled at Cupples Station. 

The greatest ' ' wholesale row ' ' in the West and cer- 
tainly, on a business basis, one of the world's import- 
ant thoroughfares, is Washington Avenue, from Third 
Street westward to Thirteenth. The architecture of 
this stretch of commercial structures tells more than 
thousands of words of description could — tall, broad 
and solid buildings, with a depth that indicates a search 
for room and the need of space in which to transact the 
enormous business that is annually done there. It is 
in these ten blocks of commercial houses that the larger 
share of St. Louis' wholesale trade in hats, caps, dry goods, 
boots and shoes, and clothing is regularly transacted. 

To the utilitarian and materialist, no painted per- 
spective in artist's tints and conceits could be more im- 
pressive than a glance out this vista of industry and 
trade on a sunny forenoon or a bright, early evening. 
During those seasons when the country merchants and 
the milliners from neighboring cities flock to St. Louis 
to make their regular stock purchases, the scene pre- 
sented along this stretch of Washington Avenue becomes 
peculiarly imposing. 

With the breadth of a fashionable boulevard, but in- 
closed by great buildings of the most compact con- 
struction, Washington Avenue along those ten blocks 
is transformed on these occasions into a great human 
kaleidoscope. Endless lines of street cars ply back and 
jtprth through countless mazes of alert, quick-stepping 



78 IN A NUTSHELL. 

commercial people, the very density of whose throngs 
puzzles the spectators. To an observer above in a 
balloon, the picture would seem altogether like the set- 
tlement of some queer species of ant, whose variegated 
teguments only set off their marvelous appHcation and 
industry. 

Certainly no wholesale district in any city is more 
advantageously located. "In the inner heart of St. Louis' 
downtown section, it is threaded by street car lines that 
run to every corner of the community. One big hotel 
is right in the center of this section, and all the leading 
downtown hostelries are practically within a stone's 
throw. The merchant, who is eager to waste no time 
while selecting his stock, finds himself in the midst of 
sample-cases and show counters almost before he has 
quit his breakfast table. And in the evening, fatigued 
by the day's work, his hotel is " just across the street," 
or " right around the corner." 

Second only to Cupples Station and the Washington 
Avenue "Row," there are distributed throughout the 
city other wholesale, jobbing and manufacturing cen- 
ters, each one of which embraces more industry and 
capital than are necessary to make up the activities of 
an ordinary town. These concentrations of business 
energy are much like the sprouting and growth of the 
acorn into the oak forest. They nestle in favorable 
spots, thrive lustily on the auspices and advantages of 
of the vicinage, and then, rearing aloft their domiciles 
of diligence — like foliage of progress — drop the seeds 
of encouragement, from which like institutions spring 
up about them. 



CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 79 

Out along the broad sweep of Twelfth Street, where 
some of the greatest crockery and glassware firms of the 
West are located ; down on the sloping reaches of the 
Levee, along Commercial, Main, Second and Third 
Streets, where for more than half a century have been 
quartered wholesalers of leather, cotton, hides and a 
host of other staples, and in a hundred different locaH- 
ties where advantages of traffic and convenience have 
encouraged them, are gathered groups of wholesale and 
jobbing establishments. 

But even more extensive is the distribution of manu- 
facturing centers. From North St. Louis, where the 
smoke of many monster chimneys shows the factories 
of furniture, chairs, granite ware and chemicals; down 
through the throbbing business sections to the valley 
that holds the Terminal Railroad tracks, and along 
that valley, following its curve westward and northward 
beyond the first of the city's terraced elevations until 
it loses itself among the undulations of Northwest St. 
Louis, the smoke stacks of scores of manufacturing 
institutions tell of the spread of industry. And the 
broad expanses of South St. Louis are dotted with 
other factories whose hum is echoed and re-echoed 
westward along the meanderings of the River Des Peres 
to Cheltenham, where the long strings of factory build- 
ings are knotted into groups of brick, tile, sewer pipe, 
and other manufactories. 

Just across the Mississippi River, and giving occupa- 
tion to many workingmen of St. Louis, in Madison, 
Granite City, East St. Louis and other suburban towns, 



Bo IN A NUTSHELL* 

are mammoth industrial institutions, such as the National 
Stockyards and pork and beef packing houses, employ- 
ing together 2 ,000 men ; Frog and Switch Works in 
East St. Louis, employing 600 men; Iron and Steel 
Works in East St. Louis, employing 1,000 men ; Malle- 
able Iron Works, East St. Louis, 600 employes; Glass 
Works, 400 workmen ; Enamehng Works at Granite 
City, 2,000 employes; Steel Foundry at Granite City, 
1,200 workmen ; and Car and Foundry Company at 
Madison, employing 1,200 men. 

Perhaps busier in appearance and certainly more 
pleasing to the eye are the scores of great retail empo- 
riums that lend color and vivacity to the down-town 
district. Palaces of trade they are, the superb modern 
marts where the cloths and conceits, flannels and 
fineries, and dresses and dainties of a whole world are 
gathered for sale. The wonderful elaborateness of 
these monster establishments becomes apparent when it 
is found that days of rambling through their innumera- 
ble departments and along their interminable counters 
will constantly bring forth new attractions — like a great 
exposition in which the gatherings of a universe are 
presented. 

Along Broadway, Sixth, Fourth, Olive and Locust 
Streets, and Washington and Franklin Avenues, these 
palaces of trade daily witness the shopping of thousands 
of women. The innovations of modern times and the 
conveniences that Progress brings are instanced in these 
commodious institutions. They are no longer the 
stores of the provincial town. They are caravansaries 



CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. «I 

and emporiums combined. There is no want that can- 
not be supplied in some one of their departments. The 
woman with a day's shopping to do assumes the task 
among these great establishments with the conscious- 
ness that every ingenuity has been employed to facili- 
tate and make convenient the details of her errand. 

When she is tired there are places for her to rest, and 
when she is hungry there are places for her to eat. 
Each one of these emporiums counts among its features 
all the comforts of a well-managed community. Per- 
haps one of the most unique adjuncts of many of these 
great department stores is the attractive cafe, as com- 
plete in all its appointments as a well-ordered restaurant 
run for exclusively restaurant purposes. 

And outside the down town district, along South 
Broadway, on Chouteau Avenue, on Jefferson, Grand 
and Vandeventer Avenues ; and indeed wherever shop- 
pers find it convenient to go, are hundreds of these 
bright establishments, though on a somewhat more 
modest scale than the larger palaces of trade in the 
heart of the business section. 





IMPELLING FORCES. 




1 



USINESS men of other cities, struck by the tremen- 
dous commercial energy of St. Louis, have often 
sought to discover the sources of its impelling 
power. Their search has invariably led them to the 
symbolic maxim in which the spirit of the nation found 
its genesis — "In union there is strength." In the 
lexicon of community life, St. Louis should stand for 
organization. 

No progressive enterprise undertaken by the Mound 
City fails. The reason is plain. Behind each venture 
to which the name of the city is linked are gathered a 
host of organized influences that will permit no halt and 
no turning back. This irresistible, impelling power is 
embodied in the trade guilds of St. Louis. To them 
are due most of the city's brilliant commercial achieve- 
ments and business triumphs. On their numbers and 
earnestness is founded the larger share of St. Louis' 
strength as a commercial community. 

Foremost, of course, among these powerful trade 

82 



IMPELLING FORCES. 83 

guilds is the Merchants' Exchange, whose massive 
building is a monument to St. Louis' business solidity. 
Organized in 1862, the Exchange now has a member- 
ship of 2,000 i:epresentative business men, whose private 
fortunes and firm assets aggregate scores of millions of 
dollars. Perhaps no business organization in the world 
has set its impress in more indelible characters on the pro- 
gress of a parent city than has the St. Louis Merchants' 
Exchange. From it radiate countless influences and 
energies each of which lends impelling force to the on- 
ward march of the city's business interests. The Mer- 
chants' Exchange is the back-bone of various auxiliary 
organizations, whose united purposes find concrete 
form in St. Louis' commercial advancement. Member- 
ship in the Exchange is a badge of business integrity 
and prominence. It is also an obligation to strive for 
the city's welfare. Wm. T. Haarstick is president of 
the Merchants' Exchange. The vice-presidents are 
Geo. J. Tansey and T. R. Ballard. Geo. H. Morgan 
is secretary and treasurer. 

Younger but no less energetic in its efforts is the St. 
Louis Business Men's League ; composed of 200 of the 
leading business and professional men of the city. It 
was incorporated under its present name in April, 1895, 
but has really been in active operation since May, 1891, 
in which month both the Autumnal Festivities Associa- 
tion and the St. Louis Traffic Association were organized. 
These two bodies, after completing the work for which 
they were especially formed, consolidated and incor- 
porated on a permanent basis the Business Men's 



84 IN A NUTSHELL. 

League. The objects of this association, as stated in 
its charter, are: to promote the interests of St. Louis 
in every avenue of trade and commerce ; to oppose 
discrimination against the city ; to secure increased 
transportation facilities ; to encourage the holding of 
conventions in the Mound City; and "to secure, by 
all legitimate means, the greatest good for the greatest 
number of our people." 

In conjunction with the Merchants' Exchange, the 
Business Men's League maintains the St. Louis Traffic 
Bureau, under the management of a traffic commis- 
sioner. It has also a legal department with a regular 
council. The successful efforts of the League in behalf 
of St. Louis are recorded in counting rooms of every 
commercial institution in the city and are recalled by 
numbers of decisions of the Joint Traffic Association, by 
national conventions held in the city, by the construction 
of new railroad branches, and in scores of other ways. 
Mr. Sam M. Kennard was president of the League for 
the first three years. He was succeeded in turn by Mr. 
John C. Wilkinson and former Mayor C. P. Walbridge. 
Mr. James Cox is secretary and Mr. Walker Hill 
treasurer. 

A trade guild to which St. Louis owes some of its 
most substantial success is the Interstate Merchants' 
Association. Composed of many of the foremost mercan- 
tile men of the section, it devotes itself to the expansion 
of St. Louis' trade, particularly in the Mississippi Val- 
ley and the further West. Inducements are secured 
for and conveniences furnished visiting buyers, Mer- 





*#■ 



> 



IMPELLING FORCES. 87 

chants in other states are shown the wisdom of buying 
in St. Louis rather than going further for their purchases ; 
and, altogether, the Association is yearly welding into 
imperishable strength the bonds that hook the Mound 
City to the great Southwest as its natural and logical 
metropolis. 

No less influential is the St. Louis Manufacturers' 
Association, organized in 1895, and incorporated in 
May of that year. The work of this guild consists 
chiefly in securing for St. Louis all possible material ad- 
vantages in competition with the most favored cities. 
The matters of transportation, taxation, legislation, in- 
surance and trade expansion receive the closest atten- 
tion from this association. But much of its work is 
largely of a private nature, and there is therefore no 
means of accurately computing the immense benefits 
that have accrued to the city from the operations of the 
St. Louis Manufacturers' Association. L. D. Kingsland 
is the president and T. L. Cannon secretary of the as- 
sociation. 

There is no wasteful diffusion of business energies in 
the Mound City. Each line of trade concentrates its 
efforts through the agency of some guild for the advance- 
ment of that particular branch of the city's business. 
Of course, some of these guilds, by reason of the larger- 
capital invested and the more extensive demands to be 
met, have domiciles of their own. Others, operating 
as auxiliary bodies, make their headquarters in the 
buildings of sister guilds. Among the fore Aost of these 
organizations are the Cotton, Lumber, Wool and Drug 



SS IN A NUTSHELL. 

Exchanges. Each of these represents one of the city's 
most extensive trades, and their members, belonging for 
the most part to other St. Louis business organizations, 
are among the leading commercial men of the com- 
munity. 

The wholesale and retail grocers and the wholesale 
and retail druggists of the city have separate organiza- 
tions, which have accomplished brilliant triumphs in 
extending St. Louis' trade. 

One of the most powerful guilds of the Mound City, 
representing as it does one of St. Louis' leading lines 
of business, is the Furniture Board of Trade. 

Perhaps none of the trade guilds in the Mound City 
gives it wider advertisement or more effective exploita- 
tion than the fact that it is the national headquarters of 
the Traveler's Protective Association of America, or, as 
it is better known ^ the T. P. A. It is an organization 
of commercial travelers and their employers, formed and 
equipped for the prompt promotion of commercial in- 
terests. In September, 1900, ten years after its or- 
ganization, the association had a membership of 16,590, 
distributed among twenty-nine states. Missouri is the 
leading state division, with a membership of.2,850. Mr. 
E. C. Burrows of Peoria, 111., and Mr. Louis T. La 
Beaume of St. Louis, are respectively president and 
secretary of the national' organization. Post A of St. 
Louis, the "Banner Post," has for its president and 
secretary Messrs. Louis Rosen and Will B. Webber 
respective^-. 

A kindred organization whose influences are immense 



IMPELLING FORCES. 89 

throughout the territory with which St. Louis is pecu- 
harly identified, is the Western Commercial Travelers' 
Association. 

One of St. Louis' trade guilds embracing a tremen- 
dous amount of business energy, locally applied, is the 
City Drummers' Association. This organization of 
bright young business men makes its influence felt in all 
branches of commerce. 







RAPID TRANSIT, 




HOMPARISON is impossible between the rapid 
transit facilities of St. Louis and those of other 
cities. The street car systems of the Mound 
City were recognized years ago as furnishing the stand- 
ards by which the methods of urban transportation in 
other communities could be easiest measured. And St. 
Louis transit equipments are only mentioned nowadays 
to instance the closest approach that has been made 
to perfection in that field of human endeavor. 

From Baden on the extreme north to Carondelet on 
the south, from the Mississippi River on the east to the 
picturesque reaches of St. Louis County on the west, 
the city is literally gridironed with electric railways. 
But it is no more in their extensiveness than in the ex- 
cellence of their service, that the distinguishing features 
of these arteries of urban life are found. Every oppor- 
tunity for public convenience has been consulted in the 
construction of these lines, and arrangements of transfers 
have been so thoroughly perfected, that it is practically 

90 



RAPID TRANSIT. 9 1 

possible for a passenger to go from any section of the 
city to another with the greatest dispatch for one fare. 
And connections are made with surburban lines that bring 
a dozen adjacent towns and villages within an hour's 
ride of the metropolis. 

So complete are the conveniences and facilities af- 
forded that, in view of the succession of splendid scenes 
presented from a street car window in St. Louis, the 
city's transit lines deserve to rank among the communi- 
ty's amusement resources. Certainly it is an exhilarating 
recreation to be whisked a dozen miles in a cushioned 
seat, along rails that glide under the cars with the smooth- 
ness of a summer sea, from an eminence that overlooks 
the majestic Mississippi, with its picturesque craft and 
mighty bridges, across which gleam the roof tops of East 
St. Louis and the waving Illinois corn-fields beyond ; from 
this panorama of two states through a crowd of archi- 
tectural wonders sheltering the commercial activities of 
a giant community ; on through long stretches of man- 
sions and snug cottages reflecting the placid happiness 
of a prosperous city of homes ; out into broad reaches 
of a Missouri plain, and on under the spreading foliage 
of a magnificent park. Such a ride is surely a method 
of diversion ranking in the highest order of amusement. 

In 1899 the street railways of St. Louis were as- 
sembled into two main systems, nearly all the lines be- 
ing consolidated into the larger concern, owned by the 
United Railways Company, and operated by the St. 
Louis Transit Company. The other system is that of 
the St. Louis and Suburban Company. The St. Louis 



92 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Transit Company has 339.60 miles constructed and 
about 80 miles that is authorized, making a total of 
about 420 miles when all is completed, and now operat- 
ing 2,000 cars and adding to equipment as construction 
is completed ; while the St. Louis and Suburban Com- 
pany owns fully 100 miles of line with over 300 cars. 
The former concern is extending its services in all 
directions. 

Altogether, rapid transit is nowhere more convenient, 
expeditious or economical than in St. Louis. By the 
system of transfers adopted, a passenger finds it pos- 
sible to ride twelve and one-half miles for one fare — 
at a rate of two-fifths of one cent per mile. When 
coupled to this cheapness of fare are considered the 
manifold conveniences and comforts afforded by the 
most modern adjuncts of street railway service, the ad- 
vantages of St. Louis' rapid transit facilities become 
apparent. 

The remarkable progress and advance made in this 
direction assume an astonishing phase when it is re- 
called that less than fifteen years ago drivers were lash- 
ing street car mules into a semblance of animation on 
the principal thoroughfares of St. Louis. Then came 
the cable car. It was regarded in its time as a wonder- 
ful step of progress. The horse and mule slowly gave 
way to the cable grip in the street car service, and 
several years afterward — a decade smce — the trolley 
lines appeared. Now there is not a street railway in St. 
Louis that is not fitted with appliances for electric loco- 
motion. 



RAPID TRANSIT. 93 

This rapid development of transit facilities is reflected 
in the remarkable expansion of the city's residence 
districts. As the electric lines reached out toward the 
city limits, the home-seeker followed. The congestion 
of down-town affairs was eluded, and St. Louis held 
forth the attractiveness of ideal residence sections. The 
far reaching electric lines have carried the hedges of 
the cottages and the parterres of the mansion-owner 
out beyond the intramural purlieus into the hills and val- 
leys of St. Louis County and the sylvan nooks along the 
Des Peres and Meramec Rivers. The compact busi- 
ness districts thus find expanded lungs and dilated nos- 
trils with which to inhale the odor of meadow land and 
forest, the garden and the orchard, brought to them 
from the homes of the clerk and the merchant prince 
at the other end of the car lines. 




^^^^ 



CITY OF 
BEAUTIFUL HOMES. 



iS|REAT as is St. Louis commercially and industri- 
\jH ally, its pre-eminence in material matters is no 
more marked than its pre-eminence as a place 
of beauty and comfort. 

No feature of a residence place is more important 
than its climate. The son of the balmy Southland hesi- 
tates before plunging into the chill of the northern 
zones ; and the child of the cooler latitudes shudders at 
the prospect of continuous torridity. But St. Louis is 
in the happy mean where the heat -of summer and the 
cold of winter are so tempered with mildness that no 
stranger finds it necessary to go through the debilitating 
process of being acclimated. Situated in latitude 38 
degrees 37 minutes and 37.5 seconds North, and longi- 
tude 90 degrees 11 minutes and 19.35 seconds West, 
it never experiences those extremes of temperature so 
common in most of the larger cities of the country, 
where the sun and snow annually claim scores of victims. 
In fact fatalities from weather causes are practically un- 

94 



CITY OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. 95 

known in St. Louis ; and even in the zenith of the 
heated term the Mound City is a place of relative 
comfort. 

From the mightiest river in the world, one of the 
most beautiful of cities lifts itself in a succession of ter- 
races to a plain garnished with some of the most taste- 
ful and costly residential structures in Amepica. St. 
Louis slopes gently upward from the Mississippi, a mile 
westward, where at Seventeenth Street the terrace on 
which its business districts are distributed gains its 
highest elevation, 150 feet above the river. A softly 
outlined valley leads up to the next terrace, the summit 
of which is at Garrison Avenue. Then, there is another 
undulation, west of which rises the third of the city's 
terraced divisions, at King's Highway Boulevard, four 
miles west of and 200 feet above the river. Thence the 
city reaches westward on a broad plateau whose gentle 
swells and dales, like the calm heaving of a great lake, 
add to the beauty of the landscape. 

Geologists have declared that this series of terraces 
on which St. Louis has assembled its beauties and its 
strength mark the flood plains of successive periods. 
Deposits of aqueous origin that are frequently upturned 
on the surface of the city's outlying districts, together 
with the analogous history of other borders of the Mis- 
sissippi River, bear out this theory. And more practi- 
cal scientists, who have turned their studies from the 
formations of the past to the uses of the present, find 
m these flood-cut table-lands St. Louis' surpassing 
advantages of natural drainage. 



96 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Nature apparently set apart the Mound City's site 
for the abiding place of a great community ; and the 
arts, sciences and felicities of a happy people, directed 
by an ever-assertive progressiveness, have carried out 
this natural design. Perhaps no one feature con- 
tributes more to the pleasantness of life in St. Louis 
than the characteristics and tendencies of the people, 
best traced in the history of the city itself. Settled by 
the courteous and ceremonious French, the traditional 
chivalry of whom lingers in every annal of the com- 
munity, the trading post of Pierre Laclede Liguest en- 
tered its career mingling the pretty customs and comi- 
ties of old France with the rough and ready frankness 
of the plains. It was a pleasant mixture of open- 
hearted, alert and comradely spirit, tinctured with the 
fine fancies and polish that the frontiersman from Eu- 
rope could not entirely forget. Then came the new 
generation and more pioneers — Englishmen, Germans 
and adventurous spirits from all parts of the Old World. 
The young blood of the American-born, infused with 
the self-reliance and aggresive energy of colonial life, 
was tempered by contact with the softening influences 
from abroad. Common dangers and common hard- 
ships imparted to all a sense of fellowship ; and through 
the trials of pioneer days grew that sturdy race of men 
— ready to share cheer with their neighbors — who have 
since given to the world an understanding of Amer- 
icanism. 

From a truly cosmopolitan settlement, St. Louis has 
grown into a characteristically American metropolis. 



CITY OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. 99 

Its hospitality is the essence of its existence. Without 
it St. Louis would not be St. Louis. From the un- 
couth days when the settler's latch-string hung ready 
for the touch of the traveler, the community has been a 
fountain of hospitable amenities. With none of the 
rigors of the North, and all the balm of the South, with 
all the industry of the East and the freedom of the 
West, it has become the most delightful abiding place on 
the continent. Great gatherings that have passed into 
the nation's history evoked striking demonstrations of 
St. Louis hospitality. Delegates to national political 
conventions or to social and fraternal conclaves, re- 
turning to their homes, have echoed from one end of 
the land to the other the incomparable hospitality of 
the Mound City, giving to it a fame for open cheer that 
no other community in the world enjoys. It is this 
hospitable demeanor of the St. Louisan that adds one 
of the chiefest charms to the city as a place of resi- 
dence. 

Social intercourse brings pride of home. Linked 
with the hospitality of St. Louisans is a pervading spirit 
of public improvement. The desire to embellish and 
adorn the community has been the predominant public 
inclination throughout the municipal life of St. Louis. 
Encouraged by the wealth of natural beauties that 
abound on all sides, this desire has thrived and pros- 
pered on accomplishment until, at the dawn of the 
Twentieth Century, the finest ingenuity is required to 
devise some new means of enhancing the city's attrac- 
tiveness. 



lOO IN A NUTSHELL. 

The progress of the city's development as a place of 
pleasant residence is traced by the growth of building 
westward from the Mississippi River. In St. Louis' 
earliest days the plain but substantial homes of the 
pioneers were built on the crest of the incline that raises 
itself from the western bank of the great river. Then, 
as fortunes accumulated among the settlers, their resi- 
dences crept away from the noise and bustle of the river 
traffic and clustered along Lucas Place, on the first 
reach of the terrace that looks down on the great Father 
of Waters Perhaps no more comfortable homes were 
ever erected. The fanciful and fretted architecture of 
the end-of-the-century palaces presents more sprightly 
fronts, but certainly none of the latter-day mansions 
surpass in massive, substantial comfort the old-style, 
southern homes that were built on Lucas Place in the 
early days of St. Louis. Many of these structures still 
stand, quaint monuments of a quaint past, listening to 
the murmur from the venerable shade trees that sur- 
round them of those other times when chivalry reigned. 

As the wealth of the community increased, new resi- 
dence districts blossomed forth. The arts of the gar- 
dener and the skill of the builder created new beauties 
in the Lafayette Park district, along South Broadway 
on the Bluffs, westward from the Lucas Place environs 
to Lindell Boulevard and on Grand Avenue. Then 
came the period of superb palaces. Vandeventer Place 
was created — an exclusive demesne for the palatial 
homes of those who sought to test the architect's skill 
in devising beautiful abodes. 



CITY OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. lOI 

The spirit of emulation among home-builders was 
abroad and it grew with the erection of each new 
palace. The residence districts scattered, and, in scat- 
tering, spread additional beauties of even greater 
grandeur. Westmoreland, Portland, Cabanne and West 
Cabanne Places were laid out, platted and built up 
into distinctive communities of social sacredness and 
architectural splendor. The Compton Heights vicinage 
grew into beauty under the hands of home-builders ; 
and Hawthorne and Longfellow Boulevards became 
garden spots, vieing in picturesque magnificence with 
the finest residence sections in the world. 

Since then clusters of beautiful mansions have been 
assembled in scores of neighborhoods throughout the 
city, until the face of St. Louis has grown like the sur- 
face of some great garden. On South Grand Avenue, 
almost in the Compton Heights district, at the other 
extreme of the city in North St. Louis and wherever 
the opportunities of site and surroundings were found, 
the lavish hand of the home-builder has been at work. 
Some of these beautiful sections still lack the finishing 
crown that will come when the prospective dwellers 
have erected their residences. But they have been 
laid out with great care in exquisite order for home 
purposes, with granitoid pavements, shaded by well-set 
trees, and inclosed with pretty walls and gates which 
mark them as exclusive reservations. These plats are 
held by their owners until a raise of values shall have 
come through the utilization of other residence districts. 

But these vacant spaces only set off the exquisite 



I02 IN A NUTSHELL. 

beauties of the idealic homes that group about them. 
To plunge from the noise and bustle and grime of the 
industrial centers into these home districts, is like en- 
tering an Elysian realm. The clang of bells, the hoarse 
whirr of wheels and the turmoil of trade, change to 
the chirp of birds in the trees, and the tinkle of musical 
instruments among the houses that nestle amid the foli- 
age. The murmur of fountains among vari-colored 
flower beds, the soft sighing of the willow as it sways 
under passing breezes, the quiet of home life, and all 
the sweet fancies that linger where Art and Nature 
meet, make of these Boulevards and Places veritable 
havens of happiness. 

The majestic spread of the elm and the sycamore in- 
close broad avenues along which rise marvels of the 
architect's fancy. Here a Parthenon front betrays the 
classic taste of the owner, and there a castellated annex 
tells of a leaning toward a different style of architecture. 
Drive-ways between oaks and maples and bordered by 
silver-leaf poplars lead to splendid palaces, whose fretted 
cornices and graceful outlines tell that the builders 
looked to the Renaissance for their architectural ideals. 
A walnut coppice across the way shelters a row of Ionic 
columns ; and beyond, a stretch of ash and gum trees 
show the minaret-Uke projections of a mansion erected 
along Moorish lines. 

One of the most striking features of St. Louis' do- 
mestic palaces is the diversification of architectural 
styles that attended their construction. Now and then 
a group of these palatial residences are built with some 



CITV OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. 103 

similarity of outlines, and the Flemish ideal will pre- 
dominate in this group, the Gothic in another, and the 
Doric further on. But the general rule seems to have 
been a diffusion of styles ; and in any one of the superb 
residence places, shut off from ordinary traffic at either 
end by fanciful gates depending from massive columns, 
and parked along the center of its entire length with 
series of variegated parterres and luxuriant foliage trees, 
are found a dozen different representations of archi- 
tecture. A search of modern palaces the world over 
will scarcely reveal a more striking array of homes than 
are found among these places and boulevards of St. 
Louis, such as, for example, those of Messrs. J. C. Van 
Blarcom, Thos. H. West, T. A. Meysenberg and E. 
C. Sterling, in Westmoreland Place ; of Messrs. J. B. 
M. Kehlor, H. I. Drummond, R. C. Kerens and H. C. 
Pierce, in Vandeventer Place ; of Messrs. S. M. Ken- 
nard, W. D. Orthwein, L. B. Tebbetts and J. A. Holmes, 
in Portland Place ; of Messrs. D. M. Houser, J. M. 
Carpenter, G. W. Garrels, J. B. C. Lucas, and scores 
of others on West Pine Boulevard ; of Messrs. E. A. 
Busch, Zach W. Tinker, Dr. H. M. von Starkloff and 
Wm. H. Dittman, on Longfellow Boulevard ; of Messrs. 
C. Stoffregen, W. T. Koken, Prof. C. M. Woodward and 
L. H. Lohmeyer, on Hawthorne Boulevard ; and of 
other merchant princes and representative St. Louisans 
in other residence districts 




PARKS AND GARDENS, '^ 

r ^ _^ 




HROXIMITY to public parks has appeared to be 
one of the desiderata in the selection of St. Louis 
residence sites. With a score of these "public 
lungs " scattered from one end of the community to the 
other, St. Louis might well be termed the city of parks. 
Stretches of green trees shading bubbling fountains and 
hiding pretty sylvan nooks, break the continuity of brick 
and stone in every quarter of the city. St. Louis parks 
represent a value of more than ^10,000,000, and among 
them are several that surpass any others in the world in 
several distinctive features. During its park-making 
career, the municipality has expended ^4,926,087.85 
for their purchase. The remainder have either been 
bequeathed to the city, or are maintained as public re- 
sorts under special commissions. 

Thousands of dollars are expended annually in the 
maintenance and adornment of these beautiful reserva- 
tions. The skill of the gardener and the horticulturist 
demonstrate the beauteous issue of Nature's union with 



PARKS AND GARDENS. IO5 

Art ; and statuary from the studios of some of the greatest 
artists of the day lend auspice to the other attractions 
of the parks. Statues of Washington, Lafayette, Hum- 
boldt and Shakespeare, of Benton, Clay, Blair and Grant, 
and of other statesmen, warriors and men of letters, grace 
opportune coigns in every park in the city. 

The largest of these stretches of natural beauty in St. 
Louis, and the second largest in the country, is Forest 
Park. It is more than a park, it is a place of gladsome 
resort for rich and poor alike. Entertainment of infinite 
variety and extent is afforded all classes. Throughout 
its 1371.94 acres of area are spread natural and artistic 
beauties, that both enthrall and entrance. The .pictur- 
esque River Des Peres winds its way through Forest Park, 
feeding the many lakes and ponds, on which pleasure 
craft ply on balmy summer afternoons or under the ro- 
mantic moonlight. There are menageries, aviaries 
and aquariums to amuse and instruct ; there are fish- 
hatcheries and plant reservations, in which piscatorial 
and vegetable specimens are perpetuated ; there are 
spacious picnic grounds for idlers, courts for tennis 
players, amphitheaters for athletic contests, and racing 
courses for wheelmen and horses. All are free to the 
public, and every citizen of the community is entitled 
to equal enjoyment of all these opportunities for diver- 
sion. 

The hoot of the owl, the croaking of frogs, the 
musical trill of the feathered songster, and the gurgle of 
plashing fountains join in one sweet melody that per- 
vades the great park, and, mingling with the hum of 



I06 IN A NUTSHELL. 

voices, tell of peace and rest in Nature's bosom. Then 
on summer evenings the strain of brass bands and loiter-, 
ing musicians, throbbing under the hundreds of electric 
lights that flash through the park, tell of the human joys 
and pleasures that come when the day's toil is over. 

Hiram W. Leifingwell, whose name indentifies itself 
with several imperishable institutions in St. Louis, con- 
ceived the first definite plan for the establishment of 
Forest Park. A bill to carry out his project was enacted 
by the state legislature , and approved on March 25,1872. 
But the enactment was opposed by several interested 
property holders, and a resort to the courts resulted in 
a decison that it was unconstitutional. St. Louis' char- 
acteristic perseverance was involved, and the park pro- 
moters again appealed to the legislature. There was a 
new enactment, approved on March 25, 1874, but this 
was also assailed in the courts. However, a final de- 
cision sustaining every clause of this second act was 
rendered before the expiration of another year, and the 
work of laying out the great park commenced at once 
thereafter. Three appraisers set the value of lands in- 
volved at $799,995- This appraisement was approved, 
and the municipal park board, after the usual processes 
of condemnation of the selected area, assumed charge 
of the land. April 15, 1875, witnessed the inauguration 
of permanent improvements, which have since been 
carried on with unremitting energy. 

To an Englishman who adopted America as his 
country and St. Louis as his home, the Mound City 
owes at least two of its world-famous parks. One, 



PARKS AND GARDENS. IO7 

the Missouri Botanical or Shaw's Garden, is peerless in 
its assemblage of horticultural and floral specimens. 
In 1858 Mr. Henry Shaw, who had amassed a fortune 
and retired from commercial life, secured permission to 
establish his garden at Shaw and Tower Grove Avenues. 
In that year he organized the collection of plants tha'j 
has since given to the botanists of the universe one of 
their deepest interests, and to millions who have had 
" an eye for the beautiful," or a sympathy for Nature's 
charms, one of their keenest pleasures. It is claimed 
that every flower, plant, tree and shrub in the world is 
represented in Shaw's Garden. 

Spread over an area of forty-five acres is a marvelous 
gathering of plant wonders from every corner of the globe. 
The giant cacti and lilies of the tropics shelter delicate 
orchids from the temperate zones ; magnificent forest 
monarchs, standing here and there in isolated splendor, 
set off the beauties of gorgeous flowers from near-by 
parterres. 

Sylvan grottoes and picturesque dells dot this spread 
of plant beauties, and between the reaches of floral 
grandeur hot-houses and conservatories intersperse a 
number of more fragile growths that require the tender 
nursing of indoor culture. An extensive botanical 
library, with more than 10,000 volumes, and two her- 
bariums — one the work of Dr. George Engelman — form 
important adjuncts of the great garden. Henry Shav, 
died in 1889, bequeathing a large estate valued at more 
than ^1,000,000 for the maintenance of his matchless 
garden as a public resort. The directions of his will 
are carried out with scrupulous nicety, and hundreds of 



I08 IN A NUTSHELL. 

thousands of persons annually marvel at the surpassing 
grandeur of the botanical collections. Admission is with- 
out charge, and ample provision is made to render a 
visit to the garden both instructive and entertaining. 

Just South of Shaw's Garden is St. Louis' most beauti- 
ful park. While Tower Grove Park lacks the area of 
other pubHc reservations, it makes up in exquisiteness of 
design and beauty of arrangement what it lacks in di- 
mensions. It is one of the most artistically kept parks 
in the world. Tower Grove Park is also a gift to St. 
Louis from Henry Shaw, but its bequest was conditioned 
on the annual appropriation by the city of $25,000 for 
its maintenance. The yearly expenditure of this sum 
insures the most careful preservation and the most in- 
dustrious 'extension of the park's beauties, and they 
are countless. It is Tower Grove Park that contains 
the most beautiful statues in the city's custody. It is 
Tower Grove Park, too, that contains a mulberry tree 
which has reared its spreading branches from a slip 
brought from Shakespeare's tomb on the Avon, and 
planted here by Adelaide Nielson of histrionic fame. 
Tower Grove Park has an area of 266.67 acres, and, 
like Shaw's Botanical Garden, is under the care and 
supervision of a special Board of Trustees. 

Carondelet Park, in the extreme southern portion of 
St. Louis, has an area of 180 acres. Next in point of 
dimensions ranks O' Fallon Park, at the other end of the 
city, with 158.32 acres. Besides the parks mentioned 
are the following: Compton Hill Reservoir Park, on 
South Grand Avenue ; Benton Park, Jefferson Avenue 
and Arsenal Street ; Carondelet, at Ninth and Kansas ; 



■■fS^T-PftJft**''^ 




PARKS AND GARDENS. HI 

Carr Square, between Wash, Carr, Fourteenth and 
Sixteenth Streets ; Clifton, at Simpson and Bowman 
Avenues ; Fountain, at Bayard and Fountain Avenues ; 
Frisco, at Clifton and Wilson Avenues ; Gamble, be- 
tween Gamble and Dayton Streets and Glasgow and 
Garrison Avenues; Gravois, on Louisiana Avenue, be- 
tween Potomac and Miami Streets ; Hyde, between 
Salisbury and Bremen and Blair Avenue and Twentieth 
Street; Jackson Place, Eleventh and North Market 
Streets; Kenrick Garden, Lindell Boulevard and Van- 
deventer Avenue ; Klondike, Grand Avenue and Mer- 
amec; Laclede, Iowa Avenue near Osage; Lafayette, 
between Mississippi, Lafayette and Park Avenues ; 
Lemp's, Thirteenth near Utah Street; Lyon, on Broad- 
way, between Arsenal and Utah Streets; O'Fallon, on 
Broadway near Bircher Street ; South St. Louis Square, 
between Broadway, Courtois and Pennsylvania Avenue ; 
St. Louis, between Benton, Hebert and Twenty-first 
Streets. In addition to these are the great Fair Grounds 
and New Sportsman's Park, in Northwest St. Louis ; 
Cherokee Garden, and other pleasure retreats, where 
entertaintment is offered amid the refreshing odors of 
foliage and flowers. 

But St. Louis has not ceased making parks nor stopped 
its efforts to beautify the community. A beautiful park 
is being laid out at Chain of Rocks, overlooking the 
Mississippi in North St. Louis ; and a great project is 
under way for a riverside drive that will lead from the 
center of the city along the western bank of the Father 
of Waters to Jefferson Barracks on the south, and to 
the Water W^orks on the north. 



EDUCATION 
AND LITERATURE. ^1 



|URNING from a scrutiny of material conveniences 
to the higher needs of mind and soul, one is 
struck by the educational and moral advantages 
of St. Louis. The best tribute to its public school sys- 
tem is found in the fact that numbers of other cit^'es 
have followed its lead along various plans of education. 
St. Louisans point to no valued possession of their city 
with more pride than to its pubHc schools. And this 
is justly so. No city in the world can boast a better 
plan of public education more extensively applied. 

Under the direction of a Board of Education, whose 
officials seek constantly to keep abreast of the times, not 
only in the matter of curriculum, but in the spirit, means 
and methods of instruction as well, the pubHc school 
system of St. Louis easily becomes a source of interest 
to educational circles throughout the world. For in- 
stance, an experiment, which is being closely watched 
by the school boards of a number of the larger cities of 
the country, is in progress in St. Louis. It consists of 

112 



EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. I I3 

the construction and use of portable schools to meet the 
changing necessities of the scholastic population in the 
outlying districts. This venture, which was planned 
and first placed in operation in 1899, is proving emi- 
nently satisfactory. 

There are 125 public school buildings in St. Louis, 
containing 1,275 separate rooms. These school houses 
are massive structures, acknowledged models, and the 
High School on Grand Avenue is a veritable palace of 
learning. In 1901 there were 1,638 teachers, with an 
enrollment of over 112,000 pupils. In the higher-grade 
schools, manual training and domestic science have 
been added to the course of study. Educators of in- 
ternational reputation have acknowledged that the 
niethods pursued in these schools are excelled nowhere 
in the world. The range of instruction is considered 
sufficiently comprehensive to well fit an ambitious 
youth for a creditable struggle in life. And, indeed, 
the more liberal plans that obtain nowadays in the uni- 
versities of the country, a diploma from the St. Louis 
High SchQol is regarded as sufficient equipment to gain 
admission to almost any of them. 

Every phase of the student life has been and is closely 
studied by those who direct the city's pubHc schools. 
Not only are the mental and moral elements carefully 
looked after, but the physical well-being of every pu- 
pil is safely guarded. Hygiene and physical culture 
are prominent features of the public schools' manage- 
ment. 

So broad is the scope of instruction that at the High 



114 IN ^ NUTSHELL. 

School a military training is furnished. There, as at all 
the other larger educational institutions of the city, is 
stationed a United States Army officer, who serves as a 
military instructor. The arms and accouterments are 
furnished by the Federal Government, while the other 
expenses of this branch of training are defrayed by the 
Board of Education, in the case of the High School, 
and by the universities, colleges and academies them- 
selves in the cases of the other institutions. 

Students from every zone and every country attend 
these latter institutions. The fame of Washington and 
St. Louis Universities extends to the remotest corner of 
civilization. 

Universities these great establishments are in every 
sense that their name implies, embracing as they do 
teachings and students of the whole universe. No study 
is absent from their curriculum, from the last sciences 
to the most modern utilities. Washington University 
is credited with one of the largest aggregate endow- 
ments ever possessed by an educational establishment. 
Just beyond Forest Park, work has been commenced 
on a series of mammoth structures in which are to be 
assembled the University and its auxiliaries, now domi- 
ciled at Seventeenth Street and Washington Avenue 
and in other buildings near the center of the city. An 
idea of the extensiveness of the institution is given by 
the statement that it comprehends the following estab- 
lishments: Undergraduate Department, including the 
College and the School of Engineering, at Washington 
Avenue and Seventeenth Street ; Henry Shaw School of 



EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. I I 7 

Botany, 1724 Washington Avenue; St. Louis School of 
Fine Arts, Nineteenth and Locust Streets; St. Louis 
Law School, 141 7 Locust Street; St. Louis and Mis- 
souri Medical College, 1806 Locust Street; and Mis- 
souri Dental College, 18 14 Locust Street. The follow- 
ing schools have also been organized under the charter 
of the University : Smith Academy, Washington Avenue 
and Nineteenth Street; Mary Institute (for girls), at 
Locust and Beaumont Streets ; and the Manual Train- 
ing School, at Washington Avenue and Eighteenth 
Street. 

All the funds required for the establishment of the 
University on its new site beyond Forest Park are al- 
ready in the hands of the Board of Directors. The 
ground, covering 153 acres, admirably adapted to uni- 
versity purposes, was purchased for ^350,000, sub- 
scribed by citizens of St. Louis. The new buildings 
will be as follows : A hall, which will include the ad- 
ministration offices of the University, and rooms for 
such subjects of instruction as do not require labora- 
tories, to cost ^250,000, the gift of Mr. Robert S. 
Brookings ; two buildings for the engineering depart- 
ment — civil, mechanical and electrical — together with 
the architectural branch, to cost ^250,000, the gift of 
Mr. Samuel Cupples ; a building devoted to chemistry, 
to cost ^100,000, the gift of Mr. Adolphus Busch ; and 
a dormitory, to cost $100,000, the gift of Mrs. John E. 
Liggett. The Board also holds the gifts of the late 
Stephen Ridgley, amounting to $100,000, to be ex- 
pended in the construction and maintenance of a library 



ii8 



IN A NUTSHELL. 



building. All the new structures are to be ready for 
occupancy by September, 1901. 

Washington University was incorporated under the 
State laws on February 22, 1853. 

Considerably older, with a superb structure at Grand 
Avenue and West Pine Boulevard, is the St. Louis Uni- 
versity. It was founded as the St. Louis College by the 
Jesuit Fathers in 1828, and on December 28, 1832, 
the state legislature granted the institution a charter 
under its present title. The magnificent domicile in 
which the University is conducted was built in 1888. 
In extent, proportions and beauty of design, it is one 
of the architectural pHdes of the city. Year by 
year the great structure has been added to, until the 
series of buildings now occupies the greater part of 
an unusually spacious block. Some of the most famous 
men in Missouri's history have claimed St. Louis Uni- 
versity as their alma mater. One of the prettiest fea- 
tures of this great University is furnished by its military 
element. The cadets are regularly organized into 
military companies in regimental formation, with a 
drum and bugle corps. 

One of the most famous educational institutions in 
the West is the Christian Brothers' College, located on 
a peculiarly favorable site in the northwestern portion 
of the city, on Easton Avenue. It was founded in 
185 1 at the request of Archbishop Kenrick, by 
Brothers Patrick, Dorothy, Paulian, Barbas and Noah, 
of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. The estab- 
lishment was incorporated by the state legislature in 



EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. ng 

1855, being empowered "to grant diplomas, confer 
degrees and bestow all literary honors usually conferred 
by universities of learning." The aim of the College 
is to give the highest type of liberal education in liter- 
ature, the sciences and commerce. The most lavish 
encomiums are well deserved by its conscientious corps 
of instructors, and no institution of learning in the 
world has won a relatively larger measure of success 
than the Christian Brothers' College. The faculty pays 
close attention to physical culture and discipline. 
More than ten acres of the College grounds have been 
converted into ball fields, tennis courts and athletic 
arenas, and there are, in addition, two fully-equipped 
gymnasiums. All the students are required to take 
part in the regular gymnastic training. 

Not one whit behind the universities and colleges 
for boys are St. Louis' great institutions of learning for 
girls. Mary Institute and Forest Park University are 
known from one end of America to the other. But it 
is to the convents of St. Louis that one is naturally di- 
rected by mention of establishments for the instruction 
of girls. The sweet incense of maidenhood that lingers 
around those sacred edifices is mingled with an exalt- 
ing sense of the great work that is done inside their 
cloistered halls. The Academy of the Sacred Heart 
at Maryville in South St. Louis is indissolubly linked 
with the educational achievements of the Mound City. 
It is conducted by the Religious of the Sacred Heart, 
under direction of a Mother Superior. The beautiful 
grounds surrounding the Academy contain twenty-two 



I20 IN A NUTSHELL. 

acres of wood and lawn on a bluff overlooking the Mis- 
sissippi River. A unique feature of the institution is 
that the French language is the only tongue heard 
within its portals, save in the class-rooms. 

No less picturesque is the Young Ladies' Academy 
of the Visitation in Cabanne Place, between Belt and 
Union Avenues. Its Sixty-Eighth Annual Commence- 
ment exercises were held in June, 1901. The Aca- 
demy is conducted by the Religious Sisters of the 
Order of the Visitation, founded in 16 10 in Haute- 
Savoie, France, by St. Francis, Count of Sales, and 
Ste. Jane Frances, Baroness of Chantal. It is located 
on an elevated site, with shaded walks, ample grounds, 
an extensive and commodious range of buildings, and 
a gymnasium and bowling alley for exercise in incle- 
ment weather. Of course, as in all similar institutions, 
music, deportment, the polite languages and everything 
that goes to make up the complement of womanly ac- 
complishments, receive especial attention in the course 
of instruction. 

Another hilly eminence in St. Louis is adorned by 
the Ursuline Academy, at Twelfth Street and Russell 
Avenue. It was opened as a modest school on No- 
vember 2, 1848, on Broadway — then Fifth Street — by 
four Sisters of the Ursuline Order. On January 2, 
1850, the site of the present Ursuline Academy was 
selected by Archbishop Kenrick. The building is 
spacious, and the appointments of the most carefully 
selected character. 

St. Vincent's Seminary and a number of other con- 



EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. 



123 



vents amplify the capacities of the city for the educa- 
tion of girls, while several hundred private and paro- 
chial schools are distributed throughout St. Louis. 
Beside these are numbers of business, independent and 
technical colleges, among them being the Barnes Medi- 
cal College, Bishop Robertson Hall, Marion-Sims Col- 
lege of Medicine, Hosmer Hall, and the St. Louis Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons. 

Closely allied to the educational system of the city, 
if not properly a part thereof, are the public libraries. 
There are a number of these with a scope of books suf- 
ficiently extensive in range to meet the tastes and wants 
of the best educated community in the world, and with 
a population twice as numerous as that of the Mound 
City. The Public Library, in the Board of Education 
Building at Ninth and Locust Streets, was established 
in 1865 by the School Board. It now contains 140,000 
volumes and 27,000 pamphlets. The reading-room is 
supplied with 549 regularly-furnished periodicals and 
twenty-one daily newspapers. Admission to this world 
of literature and knowledge is absolutely free. The 
total issue of books and periodicals at the Public 
Library aggregates 1,000,000 annually. 

Rivaling the Public Library in every way is the Mer- 
cantile Library, at Broadway and Locust Street. In 
190 1 it numbered 3,700 members, who had access to 
upward of 112,000 volumes and 480 regularly-furnished 
periodicals. The annual attendance at the Mercantile 
Library approximates 125,000. 

Of course, every institution of learning in St. Louis 



J 24 IN A NUTSHELL. 

has its library, but in addition to these are a number of 
public collections of books attached to various organi- 
zations and establishments. Among these are the St. 
Louis Law Library, established in l8:^8^ having 26,000 
volumes in 1900; the Odd Fellows' Library, at Ninth 
and Olive Streets ; and the Young Men's Christian 
Association and St. Louis Turn Verein Libraries. 

With its schools and libraries, the Mound City pos- 
sesses an abundance of encouragement for literature 
and the arts. Indeed, St. Louis ranks among the most 
generous patrons of the worlds of letters and ideals. 
She has set some of the brightest figures in the dramatic 
and literary firmaments, while sculptors and painters 
have gone forth from the Mound City to lasting fame. 
The success that St. Louisans have won in the literary 
field has been fostered and is reflected by the city's 
press. St. Louis boasts eight daily newspapers, each 
of which is conducted on the most progressive metro- 
politan plans. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat, the or- 
gan of Missouri Republicans, is one of the world's 
foremost morning newspapers. Its energetic com- 
petitor, the St. Louis Republic, founded in 1808, rep- 
resents the Democracy in the morning newspaper field. 
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, one of the leading after- 
noon newspapers of the country, is famous for its ear- 
nest championship of the Democratic party ; while one 
of its competitors, the St. Louis Star, is equally as 
zealous in the support of Republicanism. The St. Louis 
Chronicle, also an afternoon newspaper, maintains an 
independent attitude in political affairs, though being 
recognized as an organ of the masses. 



EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. 12 r 

The Westliche Post, a morning newspaper printed in 
German, has an extensive circulation. By many it is 
accounted the foremost German-American daily news- 
paper. Its local competitor in the morning newspaper 
field, the Amerika, is devoted largely to German reli- 
gious affairs. The Abend Anzeiger, really the after- 
noon edition of the Westliche Post, is an influential 
paper with marked energy and progress. The Daily 
Hotel Reporter occupies a field all its own. 

A number of high-class weekly, semi-monthly and 
monthly periodicals add to the current literature of St. 
Louis. Some of these are technical publications. 
Others are devoted to certain cults and societies, and 
a number of them are printed in foreign tongues. Al- 
together, the Mound City has 267 regular publications. 




|HE officers of THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE 
EXPOSITION COMPANY, the corporation 
organized to create and conduct the World's 
Fair, are: 

President, - - David R. Francis, 

Treasurer, - - William H. Thompson, 

Secretary, - - Walter B. Stevens. 

\_Headquarters^ sixth and seventh floors Laclede Buildings 

Southwest Cor. Fourth and Olive Streets.'} 

VICE-PRESIDENTS. 



CoRwiN H. Spencer, 
Daniel M. Houser, 
Seth W. Cobb, 
August Gehner, 



Samuel M. Kennard, 
Cyrus P. Walbridge, 
Chas. H. Huttig, 
Pierre Chouteau. 



DIRECTORS. 



D. M. Houser, 
D. R. Francis, 
William H. Thompson, 
F. W. Lehmann, 
James L. Blair, 
Nathan Frank, 
Pierre Chouteau, 
C. W. Knapp, 
John Schroers, 
W. C. Steigers, 
A. A. Allen, 



W. B. Wells, 
Charles F. Wenneker, 
J. J. Wertheimer, 
Edwards Whitaker, 

A. A. B. Woerheide, 
W. H. Woodward, 
George M. Wright, 

B. F. Yoakum, 
Norris B. Gregg, 
W. T. Haarstick, 
A. B. Hart, 



12(5 




Officers Louisiana Plkchase Exposition Co. 

1. Pierre Chouteau. 5. Walter B. Stevens. 9. Charles H. Huttig. 

2. Corwin H. Spencer. 6. David R. Francis. 10. August Gehner. 

3. Sam. M. Kennard. 7. Daniel M. Houser. 11. Cvrus F. Walbridge. 

4. ^Vul. n, Thompson. 8. Seth W. Cobb. 



world's fair. 



129 



DIRECTORS CONTINUED. 



George A. Baker, 
Nicholas M. Bell, 
C. F. Blanke, 
W. F. Boyle, 
A. D. Brown, 
George W. Brown, 
Paul Brown, 
Adolphus Busch, 
James G. Butler, 
James Campbell, 
Murray Carleton, 
Seth W. Cobb, 
James F. Coyle, 
George T. Cram, 
John D. Davis, 
Alexander N. DeMenil, 
S. M. Dodd, 
L. D. Dozier, 
Harrison I. Drummond, 
R. B. Dula, 
George L. Edwards, 
Howard Elliott, 
S. M. Felton, 
A. H. Frederick, 
August Gehner, 
J. E. Smith, 
C. H. Spencer, 
Charles A. Stix, 
R. H. Stockton, 
J. J. Turner, 
Charles H.Turner, 
J, C. Van Blarcom, 
Festus J. Wade, 
C. P. Walbridge, 
Julius S. Walsh, 
C. G. Warner, 



Walker Hill, 
John A. Holmes, 
C. H. Huttig, 
Breckinridge Jones, 
S. M. Kennard, 
Goodman King, 
W. J. Kinsella, 
Doctor J. J. Lawrence, 
W. H. Lee, 
William J. Lemp, 
Thomas H. McKittrick, 
George A. Madill, 

C. F. G. Meyer, 
Isaac W. Morton, 
F. G. Niedringhaus. 
W. F. Nolker, 

D. C. Nugent, 
Peter A. O'Neill, 
Ed. S. Orr, 
George W. Parker, 
H. Clay Pierce, 
Joseph Ramsey, Jr., 
David Ranken, Jr., 
Jonathan Rice, 
Clark H. Sampson, 
Julius J. Schotten, 
Isaac Schwab, 

R. M. Scruggs, 
John Scullin, 
A. L. Shapleigh, 
J W. McDonald, 
W. B. Stevens, 
H. W. Steinbiss, 
Melville E. Ingalls, 
Samuel Spencer. 



130 IN A NUTSHELL. 

INCORPORATORS. 

Moses C. Wetmore, H. T. Kent, 

S. W. Fordyce, John H. Terry, 

L. H. Laidley, W. S. Eames, 

James Cox, L. C. Nelson, 

Arthur Ittner, Isaac S. Taylor, 

F. W. Baumhoff, Emil Preetorious, 

James W. Bell, H. S. Potter, 

Dean Cooper, Charles Clark, 

F. N. Judson, Gerhard Geralds, 
William H. Thompson, Charles Nagel, 

Henry Hiemenz, Jr., Charles F. Vogel, 

Daniel Evans, Nathan Cole. 
J. E. Marshall, 

WHO THEY ARE. 

David R. Francis, President of the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition Company, is the head of the firm of 
Francis Bro. & Co. ; vice-president of the Mer- 
chants-Laclede National Bank ; director of the 
Mississippi Valley Trust Company, and connected 
officially with or interested in many other great 
financial and business concerns. Thoroughly 
indentified with the growth of St. Louis from boy- 
hood, he is recognized as a leader in the city's so- 
cial, business, and political life. Born in Rich- 
mond, Ky , Oct. I, 1850; came to St. Louis when 
only 16 ; graduated from Washington University in 
1870; entered commercial life as a clerk ; began 
business for himself in 1877. He was vice-presi- 
dent Merchants' Exchange in 1883, and president 
in 1884. His popularity forced him into politics, 



WORLD S FAIR. 13I 

and he was elected Mayor of St. Louis in 1885 ; 
elected Governor of Missouri in 1888; and served 
as Secretary of the Interior during a portion of 
President Cleveland's second term. Gov. Fran- 
cis married in 1876 Miss Jennie Perry. They 
have six children, all boys. The family residence 
on Maryland Avenue is one of the handsomest 
homes in the city. 

William H. Thompson, Treasurer, is president of the 
National Bank of Commerce, and officially con- 
nected with half a hundred other financial and 
business. concerns. He is vice-president of the 
Laclede Building Company; treasurer of the 
Odd-Fellows' Hall Company, an officer and one 
of the organizers of the Commonwealth Realty 
Company that built the Planters' Hotel. Though 
a banker by profession, and recognized as a great 
financier, he is or was a plumber by trade. He 
was born in Huntington, Pa., Oct. 13, 1830 ; came 
to St. Louis in 1853, and worked as a plumber. 
Eleven years afterwards he established a factory 
for the manufacture of lead pipe and sheet lead. 
He organized the Missouri Lead and Oil Company 
in 1 87 1, and was elected president of the Bank of 
Commerce in 1883. He was formerly president 
of the St. Louis Gas Company. Is thoroughly 
identified with the financial and commercial 
growth of the city. The family residence is on 
Lindell Boulevard. 

Walter B. Stevens, Secretary, was born at Meriden, 



132 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Conn., in July, 1848. His parents moved west 
when he was five years old, and he grew up in 
Peoria, 111. In 1866 he went to Ann Arbor and 
entered the Michigan State University, from which 
he graduated in 1870. Within ten days of his 
graduation, when 22, he began his newspaper 
work as a reporter on the St. Louis Times. In 
1 88 1 he joined the staff of the St. Louis Globe- 
Democrat, where in a short time he was made city 
editor. Later he became traveling correspondent 
for that paper, and in 1885 was made its Wash- 
ington correspondent, which position he held 
until called to the secretaryship of the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition Company. While traveling 
correspondent he wrote several series of articles 
on ' ' Convict Camps and Penitentiaries in the 
South," "Black Labor in the South," "Among 
the Mormons: Talks with Saints and Sinners," 
and others. Among his classmates at Ann Arbor 
were Wm. R. Day, late secretary of state, and 
now United States Circuit judge ; Prof. Bernard 
Morse, of the University of California, and now a 
member of the Philippines Commission ; Alfred 
Noble, member of the Government Isthmian 
Canal Commission ; William L. Penfield, solicitor 
for the Department of State at Washington ; and 
Marcus Baker, United States Geographer of the 
Geological Survey. 
Daniel M. Houser, Vice-President, is the president of 
The Globe Printing Company, publishers of the 



world's fair. 133 

Globe-Democrat ; director of the St. Louis Trust 
Company, and interested in many other great fi- 
nancial and business concerns. He has been a 
prominent figure in public affairs, a power in na- 
tional, state and city politics, and a leader in the 
city's progress for almost half a century. Inde- 
fatigable as a worker, he has built up, in the Globe- 
Democrat, one of the greatest newspapers in the 
world. Mr. Houser was born in Washington 
County, Maryland, December 23, 1834; family 
moved to Missouri four years later, and came to 
St. Louis in 1846. He was employed by the St. 
Louis Union in 1851, remaining with the paper un- 
til it merged with the Missouri Democrat ; became 
book-keeper and business manager of the Demo- 
crat. He was one of the founders of the Globe in 
1872, that afterwards absorbed the Democrat. The 
consolidated papers became the Globe-Democrat. 
Mr. Houser became president of the Company ir. 
1879, and has directed the destinies of the great 
paper ever since. Though a very wealthy man, 
he works as many hours a day and as hard as any 
one of his hundreds of employes. He can be met 
at almost any hour of the day, and often as late as 
midnight, in some part of the great Globe-Demo- 
crat establishment giving personal directions, or 
chatting genially with heads of departments or 
workmen, for all his employes are his personal 
friends. Mr. Houser has been twice married. 
The family home is on West Pine Boulevard. 



134 



IN A NUTSHELL. 



Cyrus P. Walbridge, Vice-President, is president of 
the J. S. Merrell Drug Company. He has been 
conspicuous in professional, business and official 
life for thirty years, for he has attained success as 
a lawyer, a drug merchant and a politician. Born 
at Madrid, New York, July 20, 1849; educated 
at Carleton College in Minnesota ; took law course 
at Ann Arbor ; began the practice of law in St. 
Lo.uis in 1870. Became legal adviser, in 1872, of 
Jacob S. Merrell, then the city's leading drug 
merchant. Married Miss Lizzie Merrell, and on 
the death of his father-in-law became president 
of the company, and later became president of the 
Western Wholesale Druggists' Association. In 
1 88 1 he was elected to the Municipal Assembly, 
serving two terms in the House of Delegates. Was 
elected president of the City Council in 1889, and 
in 1893 was elected mayor. Mr. Walbridge is a 
thoroughly progressive man, energetic, enthusiastic 
and one of the busiest men in town. The family 
residence is in Westminster Place. 

CoRWiN H. Spencer, Vice-President, is a capitalist, 
whose name is identified with St. Louis' progress 
and prosperity. He is first vice-president of the 
Mercantile Trust Company, vice-president St. 
Louis Transit Company, third vice-president Mer- 
chants' and Manufacturers' Investment Company, 
director of the Continental National Bank, St. Louis 
Title Guarantee Company, Fort Scott and Memphis 
Railroad, besides a number of smaller corpora- 



world's fair. 135 

tions. Mr. Spencer was born in Morgan County, 
Ohio, and began mercantile life as a clerk. After 
a business college course in St. Louis, he be- 
came connected with the grain commission house 
of Harlow, Gelston & Co., and rapidly rose, 
becoming a member of the firm in 1876, the firm 
name being changed to Harlow, Spencer & Co. 
The firm went out of business in 1882, but Mr. 
Spencer remained identified with the grain com- 
mission trade, and in 1889 organized the firm C. 
H. Spencer & Co., which was incorporated a year 
later as the C. H. Spencer Grain and Elevator 
Company. July i, 1897, Mr. Spencer closed out 
his active commercial interests, and became inter- 
ested in street railways, becoming president of the 
Southern Electric Road, and president of the 
National Railway Company. When the street 
railways in St. Louis were consolidated, Mr. 
Spencer became, through his properties, interested 
in the Transit Company and United Railways Com- 
pany. He served one term as president of the 
Merchants' Exchange ; served as chairman of the 
St. Louis Traffic Bureau, and 'as vice-president of 
the Business Men's League. He belongs to the 
Noonday, Commercial, St. Louis, Log Cabin and 
Country Clubs. In 1875 he married Miss Mary E. 
Harlow. His family residence is in Washington 
Terrace. 
Charles H. Huttig, Vice-President, is president of 
the Third National Bank ; president of the Huttig 



136 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Sash and Door Company of St. Louis; director 
of the American Central Fire Insurance Company ; 
director of the Mississippi Valley Trust Company ; 
director of the St. Louis Safe Deposit and Savings 
Bank, and financially interested in other large enter- 
prises. Mr. Huttig was born in Muscatine, Iowa, 
and received his early business training in the bank 
of Cook, Musser & Co., in that city. Came to St. 
Louis in 1885, and shortly after established the 
Huttig Sash and Door Company. A man of pro- 
gressive ideas, energetic and quick to think and act, 
he has been a foremost figure in business and pub- 
lic affairs almost from the day of his arrival in St. 
Louis. He is a member of the Merchants' Ex- 
change, and of the Mercantile, St. Louis and 
Noonday Clubs. Served nearly five years as a 
member of the Board of Education, and three 
years as secretary of the Citizens' Smoke Abate- 
ment Association. In 1892 he married Miss 
Annie E. Musser of Muscatine, la. The family 
residence is on Raymond Avenue. 
Samuel M. Kennard, Vice-President, is president of the 
J. Kennard & Sons Carpet Company ; president of 
the Missouri Savings and Loan Company ; direc- 
tor of the American Exchange Bank ; director of 
the Mississippi Valley Trust Company ; director of 
the Kinloch Telephone Company ; director of the 
St. Louis and Suburban Railway Company, and 
largely interested in several real estate and other 
corporations. He has been a resident of St. Louis 




World's Fair Directors. 

1. W. C. Steigers. 5. John Schroers. 8. Joseph Ramsey, Jr. 

2. James Campbell. 6. Paul Brown. 9. Chas. W. Knapp. 

3. Ed. S. Orr. 7. Nathan Frank. 10. R. H. Stockton. 
i. F. W. Lehman. 



world's fair. 139 

since 1857, coming here with his parents from 
Lexington, Kentucky, where he was born in 1842. 
During his entire business life he has been con- 
nected with the great business firm his father 
founded in 1857. He served in the Confederate 
Army, and at the close of the Civil War he became 
a partner in his father's firm. On the death of 
the senior Kennard the firm was incorporated, with 
Samuel M. Kennard as president. He is a direc- 
tor and was once president of the St. Louis Expo- 
sition and Musical Hall Association. He is a 
member of the Mercantile, St. Louis, Noonday 
and Commercial Clubs. In 1867 he married Miss 
Annie R. Maude, and has six children. The 
magnificent home of the Kennards is in Portland 
Place. 
Seth W. Cobb, Vice-President, is the head of the grain 
and commission firm of Cobb & Gardner, and has 
for many years been a prominent figure in the 
commercial life of St. Louis. He was born in 
Southampton County, Va., December 5, 1838, 
and at the beginning of the Civil War entered the 
Confederate Army as orderly sergeant, rising to 
the rank of major. Was a grocery clerk in Peters- 
burg for a short time after the war, and then be- 
came editor of the Petersburg, Va., Index. In 
1867 he came to St. Louis, and after serving as 
clerk with various firms began business on his own 
account in 1875, ^^^ the firm with some changes 
still exists. In 1889 he was elected to Congress 



I40 IN A NUTSHELL. 

from the Twelfth Missouri District and served 
three terms. He was president of the Merchants' 
Exchange when the Merchants' Bridge was pro- 
jected, and became president of the company that 
built the bridge. In 1876 he married Miss Zoe 
Desloge. They have one daughter. The family 
residence is in Westminster Place. 

August Gehner, Vice-President, is head of the firm of 
August Gehner & Co., real estate ; president of the 
German American Bank ; vice-president of the 
German Insurance Company ; director of the Mis- 
sissippi Valley Trust Company ; one of the owners 
of the Rialto Building, and actively connected with 
a dozen other concerns. He was born in Hano- 
ver, Germany, September 18, 1846, and came to 
St. Louis when only thirteen years old. Entered 
government employ when he attained man's estate, 
serving under the United States Surveyor-Gen- 
eral. In 1868 he established the firm of August 
Gehner & Co., of which he is still the active head. 

Pierre Chouteau, Vice-President, is a capitalist. He 
is the eldest son of Charles Pierre Chouteau, and 
the family history is a part of the history of St. 
Louis. He was born in St. Louis in 1849, but was 
educated abroad, principally at the Royal School 
of Arts, Mines and Manufactures in Liege, Bel- 
gium. He adopted the profession of engineering, 
but followed it only a short time, the control of the 
family estates calling for all his time and attention. 



WORLD S FAIR. 141 

STANDING COMMITTEES. 
Executive. — President D. R. Francis, Chairman; W. H. 
Thompson, Howard Elliott, C. W. Knapp, Nathan Frank, 

C. G. Warner, Murray Carleton, John Scullin, L. D. Dozier, 

A. L. Shapleigh, James Campbell, Breckinridge Jones. 
Press and Publicity. — R. H. Stockton, Chairman; D. M. 

HouGer, C. W. Knapp, Nathan Frank, John Schroers, W. 

B. Stevens, W. C. Steigers. 

Ways and Means. — F. J. Wade, Chairman; T. H. McKittrick, 

Jonathan Rice, R. B. Dula, W. J. Kinsella, D. C. Nugent, 

E. S. Orr, Geo. M. Wright, C. F. Wenneker. 
Transportation. — Julius S. Walsh, Chairman; Jos. Ramsey, 

Jr., B. F. Yoakum, S. M. Felton, C. H. Turner, A. A. 

Allen, Geo. W. Parker. 
Finance. — Geo. A. Madill, Chairman; W. H. Lee, Geo. A. 

Baker, Edwards Whittaker, Walker Hill, W. H.Thompson, 

ex-officio. 
Grounds and Buildings. — W. H. Thompson, Chairman; 

S. M. Kennard, W. F. Nolker, P. A. O'Neil, H. W. Stein- 

biss, W. B. Wells, Jno. A. Holmes. 
Concessions. — Geo. L. Edwards, Chairman; J. J. Wertheimer, 

W. B. Wells, J. J. Turner, C. F. Blanke. 
Insurance. — Geo. T. Cram, Chairman; R. M. Scruggs, 

A. D. Brown. 
Foreign Relations. — Adolphus Busch, Chairman; W. F. 

Boyle, W. T. Haarstick, John D. Davis, M. E. Ingalls, 

D. C. Nugent, J. C. Van Blarcom. 

Supplies. — Norris B. Gregg, Chairman ; James F. Coyle, Vice 

Chairman ; J. J. Schotten, J. E. Smith, Charles A. Stix, 

J. W. McDonald, R. M. Scruggs. 
Sanitation. — C. P.Walbridge, Chairman; Alex. N. De Menil, 

Vice Chairman; A. D. Brown, Dr. J. J. Lawrence, C. F. 

G. Meyer. 
Police. — Harrison I. Drummond, Chairman ; C. H. Turner, 

Vice Chairman ; J. J. Wertheimer, W. C. Steigers, J. G. 

Butler. 



142 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Ceremonies. — C. H. Spencer, Chairman; W. H. Lee, Vice- 
Chairman; J. G. Butler, J. C. Van Blarcom, L. D. Dozier, 
C. P. Walbridge, James L. Blair. 

Legislation. — Daniel M. Houser, Chairman; W. C. Steigers, 
Vice Chairman ; Nicholas M. Bell, George W. Parker, F. 
G. Niedringhaus, James Campbell, Seth W. Cobb. 

Agriculture. — Paul Brown, Chairmati ; Festus J. Wade, Vice 
Chairman; Nicholas M. Bell, Julius S. Walsh, David 
Ranken, Jr., Wm. J. Lemp, John Scullin. 

Mines and Mining. — W. J. Kinsella, Chairman; John D. 
Davis, Vice Chairman; David Ranken, Jr., C. F. G. 
Meyer, Isaac Schwab. 

State and Territorial Exhibits. — C. H. Huttig, Chairmaji; 
Edward S. Orr, Vice Chair?nan; A. H. Frederick, B. F. 
Yoakum, J. J. Schotten, J. W. McDonald, Clark H. Samp- 
son. 

Manufactures and Liberal Arts.— Geo. W. Parker, Chair- 
man; Goodman King, Vice Chairman ; W. H. Woodward, 
Jas. F. Coyle, Geo. W. Brown, Jonathan Rice, C. F. G. 
Meyer. 

Electricity and Electrical Appliances. — J. E. Smith, 
Chairman; Joseph Ramsey, Jr., Vice Chairman; Clark 
■ H. Sampson, August Gehner, Charles A. Stix, A. A. Allen, 
S. M. Dodd. 

Fine Arts. — Isaac W. Morton, Chairman ; S. M. Dodd, Vice 
Chairman ; J. E. Smith, Geo. A. Madill, Adolphus Busch, 
Thos. H. McKittrick, Samuel Spencer. 

Fish and Fisheries. — Seth W. Cobb, Chairman; A. B. Hart, 
Vice Chairman ; H. Clay Pierce, J. C. Van Blarcom, George 
M. Wright, Harrison I. Drummond, C. G. Warner. 

Ethnology and Anthropology. — F. W. Lehmann, Chair- 
man; Goodman King, Vice Chair?nan ; Walker Hill, Ed- 
wards Whittaker, Isaac Schwab, A. A. B. Woerheide, C. F. 
Blanke. 

Education. — John Schroers, Chairman; R. B. Dula, Vice 
Chairman ; A. A. B. Woerheide, A. L. Shapleigh, Wm. H. 
Woodward, George W. Parker, George A. Madill. 



WORLD S FAIR. 1 43 

Historical. — Pierre Chouteau, Chairman; Alex. N. De Menil, 
Vice Chairman; A. B. Hart, Wm. J. Lemp, Wm. H. 
Woodward, W. T. Haarstick, George T. Cram. 



Chief of Fine Arts Department — Prof. Halsey C. Ives. 

Chief of Department of Education — Prof. Howard J. Rogers. 

Chief of Department of Mines and Metallurgy — Dr. David T. 

Day. 
Field Director of Department of Mines and Metallurgy — Dr. 

W. S. Ward. 
Foreign Representative to Asia and Australasia — Mr. John 

Barrett. 



NATIONAL COMMISSIONERS. 
Hon. Thomas H. Carter of Montana, President. 
Hon. Martin H. Glynn of New York, Vice-President. 
Hon. John M. Allen of Mississippi. 
Hon. George W. McBride of Oregon. 
Hon. William Lindsay of Kentucky. 
Hon. John M. Thurston of Nebraska. 
Frederick A. Betts of Connecticut. 
Philip D. Scott of Arkansas. 
John F. Miller of Indiana. 

NATIONAL COMMISSION COMMITTEES. 
Judiciary — Lindsay, McBride and Thurston. 
Executive — Carter, ex- officio member; Miller, Betts, Scott 
and Allen. 

Arbitration — Thurston and Allen. 

Plan and Scope — McBride, Betts, Miller, Lindsay and Glynn. 
Hon. Joseph Flory of St. Louis is secretary of the National 
Commission. 

{^Headquarters^ Southern Hotel.'] 



WORLD^S FAIR 
LOCATION. 




\:^ 



|HE western half of Forest Park and territory ad- 
jacent thereto, selected as the site of the great 
Exposition commemorative of the centennial of 
the Louisiana Purchase, is considered an ideal location 
in every respect. The combined wisdom, experience 
and foresight of men identified with the progress and 
prosperity of the community, selected the Forest Park 
site after most careful deliberation and mature consid- 
eration ; and their choice was unanimously approved 
by the National Commission. The location is so easy 
of access from all directions that it might almost be 
considered in the heart of the city. From the Union 
Station it is only twenty minutes ride by electric car, 
and less than half an hour allows ample time to reach 
the location from either of the big down-town hotels or 
from the business center. The system of transfers in 
operation will land a passenger by trolley car on the 
grounds from the extreme limits of the city in any di- 
rection for one fare — five cents. 

144 



WORLD S FAIR LOCATION. 1 45 

Forest Park, the western half of which will be occu- 
pied by the Fair, is in the central western part of the 
city. A line due west from the postoffice, the court 
house. Union Station, City Hall, Four Courts, or either 
of the present large down-town hotels, will strike an en- 
trance to the park. It is the second largest city park 
in the United States, Fairmount Park in Philadelphia 
alone exceeding it in size. The exact area is 1371.94 
acres. The eastern half is splendidly cultivated and 
artistically arranged to the limit of the landscape gar- 
dener's skill and talent. The western half is as nature 
made it — almost primeval forest. This portion of the 
park includes 668 acres. Take a map of the city, 
and, beginning at a point on the southern edge of 
Forest Park, about midway between Euclid Avenue 
and the Skinker road, trace a Hne northward across the 
park to a point on " The Concourse," directly west of 
the pagoda, keeping Mirror lake and the music stand 
to the east, and the big lake to the west; thence north- 
westwardly to and following the Wabash Railroad to the 
northern line of the park. Within the space bounded 
by this hne on the east, and the northern, western and 
southern limits of the beautiful reserve, is a little more 
than one-half of Forest Park. This and such additional 
territory as may be required outside the park on either 
side will be the site of the great World's Fair — between 
1000 and 1200 acres, all seemingly especially designed 
by nature for the purpose. 

A "jog" or notch at the northwest corner of the 
site is made necessary by the location of the magnifi- 



146 IN A NUTSHELL. 

cent new buildings of Washington University, now in 
course of construction. The University will overlook 
the western part of the Fair. There is, however, no 
obstacle, either legal or physical, to extending the Fair 
site area almost indefinitely on the west, north or south. 
Because of the natural condition in which the western 
half of Forest Park has been kept it has come to be 
known as " The Wilderness." Over the entire stretch 
tall, stately shade trees grow luxuriantly. A single 
driveway, an extension of the Concourse, penetrates 
this portion, climbing hills and winding around ridges 
until the level plateau is reached, and then penetrating 
almost to the western boundary of the park. The 
eastern portion for perhaps one-third of the distance to 
the western line of the park is hilly. There is a suc- 
cession of three or four of these hills, none of them 
very high and all with gentle slopes. From the Catlin 
tract on the north and near the Skinker Road on the 
west, the river Des Peres enters the park and coils and 
winds about down to the eastern limit of the park site 
and thence into the improved portion of the park. No 
less than six small tributaries enter it as it journeys to 
the eastward before reaching the boundary of the Fair 
grounds. The largest lake in Forest Park is included 
in the Fair site. Its most eastern limit and that of 
the site itself are practically identical. Just to the 
west of the lake is the large track and hippodrome of 
the Gentlemen's Driving Club, the diagonal line drawn 
in a northwesterly direction in tracing the boundaries 
of the site almost touching the grand stand. Close by 




World's Fair Directors. 

1. D. 0. Nugent. 5. Norris B. Gregg. 8. A. D. Brown. 

2. J. C. Van Blarcom. 6. Dr. J. J. Lawrence. 9. Jonathan Rice. 

3. Murray Cai-leton. 7. A. L. Shapleigh. 10. J. J. Schotten. 

4. Festns J. Wade. 



WORLD S FAIR LOCATION. I49 

are the smoothly-surfaced lawn tennis courts. All of 
these of course will be wiped out at almost the first 
stroke of World's Fair work in the park. 

The land outside the park included in the area as 
now laid out is hilly on the west, and unimproved. 
On the north it is perfectly level and has been platted 
for residence purposes. A portion of it, known as the 
Catlin tract, is classed as among the highest-priced 
residence ground in the city. On the south the land 
is high, and a portion of it is improved. 

The existing facilities of approach to the Fair site 
render the problem of transportation, always a serious 
one in affairs of this kind, easier of solution than is 
generally the case with enterprises of so vast a nature. 
Forest Park is the western terminus of practically all the 
east and west street railway lines of St. Louis. Inside 
of the park there are now three street railway stations. 
In addition five steam railways run in close proximity. 
The Laclede Avenue and Market Street electric lines 
terminate at a pavilion at the eastern limits of the park, 
and the OHve Street line at the northeast corner. The 
Delmar Avenue line enters a pavilion on De Baliviere 
Avenue, inside the site. The Transit Company's 
Clayton line runs on Skinker Road, the western limit 
of the park, and included in the Fair grounds. All of 
these lines have their eastern termini in the center of 
the downtown business district of the city. A line of 
the Suburban Railway crosses from the north on Union 
Boulevard and forms a loop inside of the park. For 
all of the lines not actually entering the Fair grounds, 



150 . IN A NUTSHELL. 

possibilities of extension are offered. At Forsythe 
Junction, one block north of the park, and included in 
the contemplated limits, is a station of the Wabash and 
Colorado railroads. The Missouri Pacific, Frisco and 
Iron Mountain lines enter the city a few blocks south 
of Clayton Road. Between their tracks and the Fair 
grounds the land is such as to make the construction of 
switches and extensions an easy matter. The proposed 
belt line contemplates the location of a station inside of 
the grounds. 

For drivers, bicyclists and patrons of automobiles the 
grounds are of easy access. The approaches on all 
sides are thoroughfares of the very finest of street 
paving construction. Lindell Boulevard, on the north 
limit of the park, is nationally famous as a drive- 
way. Delmar, McPherson and Maryland Avenues, ap- 
proaching from the east, all are splendidly paved, 
beautiful residence streets. Union Boulevard and 
Goodfellow and Hamilton Avenues, which extend to 
the grounds from the north, are popular for driving and 
wheeling purposes. Skinker Road, on the west, and 
others of the adjacent county roads are macadamized 
and always are in the best of condition. 

Forest Park is the undisputed property of the city of 
St. Louis, the municipal park board having assumed 
charge in 1874. The adjoining properties whose use 
is contemplated will be leased from the owners, or se- 
cured through condemnation proceedings, for which 
careful provision has been made by law. 

The use of the park portion of the site was made 



world's fair location. 151 

possible by the passage of an ordinance by the Munici- 
pal Assembly. When suggestions for sites were called 
for, seven locations for the fair were suggested. All 
these had their ardent advocates ; but when the Forest 
Park site selection was announced all sectional or fac- 
tional feeling faded, and, with that spirit of civic pride 
that is characteristic of St. Louisans, everybody ap- 
proved. What little opposition was shown by people 
whose love for Forest Park prompted them to protest 
against the destruction of any of its attractions, disap- 
peared when it was made plain that the eastern half of 
the park would be preserved, and that the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition Company was obligated to set 
aside an ample fund for the complete restoration of the 
park immediately after the close of the great Expo- 
sition. 



^fe^^** 



CHRONOLOGY OF THE ■^ 
EXPOSITION. 



irillllTH a World's Fair assured on a scale of mag- 
|iAJ| nificance never before attempted, in which the 
Nation, the City of St. Louis as a corporation, 
and the people of St. Louis are equal factors, the story 
of how and why the great project was commenced and 
brought to full fruition is replete with interest for all the 
world. It is now an accepted fact that the nations of 
the earth will assemble in St. Louis in 1903 to join in 
the celebration of the centennial of the purchase by the 
United States of that vast area known as the Louisiana 
Territory. 

Fifteen million dollars have been subscribed for 
stock in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company — 
five million by the United States Government, five mil- 
lion by the City of St. Louis, and five million by popu- 
lar subscription. The State of Missouri has appro- 
priated one million dollars to be expended in making 
a fitting exhibit of the State's resources. Other States 
have made or will make similar provision for a like 

152 



CHRONOLOGY QF THE EXPOSITION. 153 

purpose. The Government has appointed a board of 
commissioners to act in an advisory capacity and guard 
the Government's interest. The Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition Company has perfected organization and got 
the work under such splendid progress, directed by men 
of such energy, that there is every reason to feel assured 
that the gates of the great exposition will be thrown open 
on time. 

In the spring of 1897 the Missouri Historical Society 
and the press began the agitation of a plan to celebrate 
the one hundredth anniversary of the acquisition of the 
" Louisiana Purchase " by the United States, and the 
citizens of the States within the Territory were invited 
to make suggestions bearing on the celebration. 

In September, 1898, the Missouri Historical Society 
appointed a committee of fifty to decide upon the man- 
ner of holding the celebration, and the committee, in 
turn, appointed a committee of ten to consider the 
various methods proposed and to suggest the best and 
most practicable. 

November 26, 1898 — The committee of ten reported 
to the committee of fifty, advocating a celebration by 
all the States in the Purchase, and the committee of 
fifty approved the recommendation. It was forwarded 
to Gov. Lon V. Stephens, with a recommendation that 
a convention of representatives of the Louisiana Pur- 
chase States be called for St. Louis, to decide upon 
the place of holding such celebration. 

December 13, 1898 — Gov. Stephens issued a call for 
a convention in St. Louis for January 10, 1899. 



154 



IN A NUTSHELL. 



January lo, 1899 — Representatives of all the Louis- 
iana Purchase States met in St. Louis at the Southern 
Hotel, and decided that a World's Fair would best 
commemorate the event, and that it should be held in 
St. Louis in 1903. 

January 11, 1899 — An executive committee was ap- 
pointed, with former Gov. David R. Francis as chair- 
man, and a committee of fifty was named to carry out 
the World's Fair idea. 

February 11, 1899 — The general committee was 
raised to two hundred and organized, with Pierre 
Chouteau as chairman and Jas. Cox as secretary. 
Finance and legislative committees were appointed, 
with Wm. H. Thompson and Frederick W. Lehmann 
as chairmen, respectively. 

February 25, 1899 — The Senators and Representa- 
tives of the States of the Louisiana Purchase were ten- 
dered a banquet at Washington by members of the 
general committee. 

April 23, 1899 — A citizens' mass-meeting was held 
at Music Hall, and ^4,244,670 was subscribed toward 
the ^5,000,000 fund which St. Louis was pledged to 
raise. 

April 27, 1900 — Hearing at Washington, D. C, of 
the World's Fair plan by the special committee of 
Congress, members of the executive committee, and 
representatives from most of the Purchase States ap- 
pearing in its behalf. 

June 4, 1900 — Passage by Congress of the Sundry 
Civil Appropriation Bill carrying an amendment pledg- 



CHRONOLOGY OF THE EXPOSITION. 1 55 

ing the National Government's support of the World's 
Fair project, together with an appropriation of ^5,000,- 
000, conditioned on the raising of ^5,000,000 by pop- 
ular subscription, and the appropriation of ^5,000,000 
by the City of St. Louis. 

January 12, 1901 — Popular subscription of ^5,000,- 
000 by citizens of St. Louis completed and certificate 
to that effect prepared for submission to authorities at 
Washington. 

January 25, 1901 — Certificate of the fullfilment of 
St. Louis' obligation presented to special committee of 
Congress, and Tawney bill read. 

March 4, 1901 — Appropriation finally made by 
United States Senate after some opposition, and the 
national government became a stockholder in the 
World's Fair enterprise, without a vote, to the extent 
of ^5,000,000. 

March 30, 1901 — Appointment by President Mc- 
Kinley of the national World's Fair Commission, with 
instructions to the same to meet within thirty days 
after the passage of the World's Fair bill. 

April 23, 1 90 1 — The national commission met at the 
Southern Hotel, in St. Louis. The World's Fair com- 
pany was incorporated, under the name " Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition Company," with a capital stock 
of ^6,000,000. A banquet was given by the Business 
Men's League of St. Louis at the Planters' Hotel to 
the national commission and members of Congress who 
were foremost in effecting the passage of the bill. 

April 24, 1901 — The national commission met at 



156 IN A NUTSHELL. 

the Southern Hotel and organized, with ex-Senator 
Thomas H. Carter as president, ex-Congressman Mar- 
tin H. Glynn as vice-president, and Mr. Jos. Flory of 
St. Louis, secretary. 

May 3, 1 90 1 — Meeting of the directors and election 
of the following officers of the Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
position : 

President, David R. Francis; treasurer, Wm. H. 
Thompson ; secretary, Walter B. Stevens ; vice-presi- 
dents, Corwin H. Spencer, Samuel M. Kennard, Dan- 
iel M. Houser, Cyrus P. Walbridge, Seth W. Cobb, 
Chas. H. Huttig, August Gehner and Pierre Chouteau. 
The president, treasurer and eight vice-presidents were 
appointed as a committee on organization to report at 
the next meeting recommendations on number and 
formation of standing committees ; draft of by-laws of in- 
corporation ; suitable offices for temporary headquarters 
of incorporation ; director general ; general counsel for 
corporation. 

May 9, 1 90 1 — The Committee on organization re- 
ported. By-laws were adopted and Mr. Jas. L. Blair, 
recommended by the committee as counsel general, 
was elected unanimously. 

May 10, 1 90 1 — Municipal Assembly passed ordi- 
nance authorizing the use of city parks for the World's 
Fair if desired by the organization. 

May 28, 1 90 1 — Nine Standing Committees of the 
company appointed, as follows: Executive; Press and 
Publicity ; Ways and Means ; Transportation ; Finance ; 
Grounds and Buildings ; Concessions ; Insurance ; For- 
eign Relations. 



CHRONOLOGY OF THE EXPOSITION. 



157 



May 29, 30, 31, June i, 1901 — Seven proposed 
sites inspected by Executive Committee. 

June 4, 5, 6, 1 90 1 — Executive Committee listened 
to arguments of advocates of tiie seven proposed sites. 

June 8 to 23, 1901 — Daily meetings of Executive 
Committee to consider proposed sites, the problem of 
transportation facilities for materials for building and 
for exhibits proving a difficult one. Meetings also of 
Press and Publicity Committee, at which methods of 
advertising the Fair, and applications for positions were 
considered. 

June 24, 1901 — Executive Committee decided on 
the Forest Park, but did not announce decision. 

June 25, 1 90 1 — Meeting of Board of Directors at 
which selection of Forest Park site was announced and 
unanimously approved. 

June 26, 1 90 1 — Meeting of National Commissioners. 
Forest Park visited. 

June 27, 28, 1901 — National Commissioners ap- 
proved the site selection, and formulated a declaration 
of the legal responsibilities, duties and rights of the 
Commission. 

June 30, 1 90 1 — Officers, Members of the Executive 
Committee and prominent citizens went to Pan-Ameri- 
can Exposition, Buffalo. 

July 2, 1901 — Dedication of Louisiana Purchase 
Building at Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo. 



% THE J 

'§ LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 



|HE acquisition of the territory of Louisiana from 
France in 1803 may be regarded, from several 
points of view, as the most important event in 
the whole history of the United States. It added 
1,171,931 square miles to the United States — a terri- 
tory greater by 300,000 square miles than the entire 
domain of the nation as it then existed. The thirteen 
States and two territories which have since been carved 
out of the Purchase have, by the census of 1900, a 
population of 17,777,081, or nearly one-fourth of the 
population of the United States. Missouri, the fifth 
State in the Union, is in the Louisiana territory, as is 
also Texas, the sixth. As the crowning glory of the 
vast reaches of mining, agricultural and grazing lands 
embodied in the old Louisiana territory there have 
arisen great cities — St. Louis, the fourth city in the 
United States ; San Antonio, one of the oldest towns in 
the country ; the twin cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, 
centers of the summer resort region and the inland lakes ; 

158 




World's Fair Directors. 

1. Howard Elliott. 5. W. J. Kinsella. 8. J. J. Wertheimer. 

2. AdolphTis Busch. 6. C. F. G. Mever. 9. A. A. B. Woerheide. 

3. Clark H. Sampson. 7. Walker Hill. 10. C. F. Blanke. 

4. James F. Coyle. 



THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. l6l 

Hot Springs, whither people go by the thousands to re- 
gain their health; New Orleans, with its Mardi Gras, 
its opera and its whirl of gay society; Denver, the 
Mecca of all who seek a tonic of ozone ; rapidly growing 
Omaha; and the five towns, Dubuque, Des Moines, 
Davenport, Burlington and Council Bluffs, in that State 
of Iowa which calls itself proudly the ' ' State of large 
towns and no cities." Great navigable rivers — the 
Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande, the Arkan- 
sas, the Red, the White, the Platte, and the Iowa — sweep 
through the Louisiana territory to their ultimate outlet 
in the Gulf of Mexico. Pike's Peak, and a large por- 
tion of the Rockies, kings among the mountains of the 
earth, are within old Louisiana's borders, and here also 
is the Yellowstone National Park, set apart by the 
United States government as a place of sight-seeing 
for all future generations. But greater than all this is 
the fact that the purchase of the Louisiana territory, and 
the opportunities for development that it afforded, for- 
ever prevented the nation of the United States from 
being merely a province, a small portion of land set 
down on the Western Continent between the Mississippi 
River and the Atlantic Ocean, with opposing powers on 
every side except the east. Instead of this narrow fu- 
ture there was secured for the youthful nation a vast 
extent of possession which should be bounded, in the 
words of the enthusiastic statesman, "on the east by 
the Atlantic, on the west by the Pacific, on the south 
by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the north by the Da" 
of Judgment." 



1 62 IN A NUTSHELL. 

The treaty by which the United States purchased 
the territory of Louisiana from France bore the date 
of April 30, 1803. That territory has since been 
divided into thirteen States and two territories. The 
States — the number identical, by an odd coincidence, 
with the thirteen original States which formed the 
Union — are Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, lowa, 
Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, 
Kansas, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and a part 
of Texas. The two territories are Oklahoma and the 
Indian Territory. The fact that only a part of Texas 
was contained in the Purchase was the reason why 
an invitation to the Governor of Texas was omitted 
in the preliminaries incident to the Louisiana Purchase 
Conference in January, 1899. Nevertheless, the Gov- 
ernor of Texas excused the oversight, and was a mem- 
ber of that body. 

Although it was early in the history of the United 
States as a nation that Louisiana became a part of its 
possessions, the territory of Louisiana had been named 
and was known to the civilized world more than a cen- 
tury before the year 1803. La Salle, sailing down the 
Mississippi in 1682, bestowed upon all the unknown 
region west of that river the name of Louisiana, in 
honor of his sovereign, Louis XIV., King of France. 
The far-reaching limits of this magnificent and fertile 
territory became better known in the next century ; and 
as the island of New Orleans was soon colonized and 
grew to be the depot of supplies for the entire region, 
that small portion of land east of the Mississippi became 



THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 163 

naturally a part of Louisiana, although all the rest of 
the territory was west of the river. 

Louisiana was claimed by France until 1762, when 
the treaty of Fontainebleau transferred it from France 
to Spain, to repay Spain for losses suffered in the 
French and Indian War. The people of Louisiana — 
for by that time the territory, especially New Orleans, 
had been settled by many traders and planters — ob- 
jected to this transfer, protesting so strongly that it was 
not until 1769 that Spain actually took possession. 
From that time forward it was the hope of the French 
to recover this splendid territory for their own. The 
Americans — by which name the citizens of the United 
States were called even at that early period — were, on 
the other hand, better satisfied that Spain should pos- 
sess Louisiana than that this extensive territory should 
be owned by France. In case any jealousy or enmity 
should arise, the Americans argued that Spain would 
be a more sluggish adversary than France. The situa- 
tion, from the American standpoint, was expressed in 
the words of Montesquieu, afterward quoted by Robert 
R. Livingston, United States minister to France: "It 
is happy for trading powers that God permitted Turks 
and Spaniards to be in the world, since they are of all 
nations the most proper to possess a great empire with 
insignificance." 

The people of the present generation, or even of the 
preceding generation, can with difficulty appreciate the 
importance of the Mississippi River in the year 1800. 
Railroads were unknown, neither were there any good 



1 64 IN A NUTSHELL. 

wagon roads west of the State of Pennsylvania. One 
who wished to go, for instance, from Nashville, Tenn., 
to New York, must ride in a flatboat — for steamboats 
were not yet invented — down the Cumberland river to 
the Ohio, down the Ohio to the Mississippi and on to 
the mouth of that river, then by sailing vessel out on 
the Gulf and along the Atlantic coast. It was the only 
means of travel. For commerce the rivers were an ab- 
solute necessity, and the Mississippi outranked all other 
rivers. Madison said of it: "It is the Hudson, the 
Delaware, the Potomac, and all the navigable rivers of 
the Atlantic States formed into one stream." 

New Orleans was the key to the Mississippi River. 
Without it as a depot the western products could not 
be taken to a market and western commerce was 
paralyzed. Therefore, when Morales, Intendant of New 
Orleans, on October i6, 1802, arbitrarily suspended the 
right of deposit at New Orleans to all "foreigners," 
his act excited the greatest indignation among the peo- 
ple of the United States. 

It was supposed by American statesmen that this de- 
cree came from Spain, but that it was dictated by France, 
for by this time there was a strong suspicion in the 
minds of Americans that France had succeeded in her 
cherished desire of regaining Louisiana from Spain. As 
far as Morales' decree was concerned, the light of sub- 
sequent history shows that the decree was his own 
ofificious act, sanctioned neither by Spain nor France. 
Nevertheless, France had actually secured possession 
of Louisiana by the secret treaty of St. Ildefonso on 



THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 1 65 

October i, 1800. Napoleon, with his wondrous power 
over men, had accomplished this by an empty promise 
of giving to the Spanish King's son-in-law the kingdom 
of Tuscany, yet he was afraid to let his triumph be 
made known, lest England with her great navy should 
prevent French occupation of Louisiana. It was im- 
possible for Napoleon to send troops to Louisiana at 
once because of the rebellion against France in St. 
Domingo, where brigade after brigade was brought low 
by tropical fever as rapidly as they could be transported. 

In the meantime Rufus King, U. S. Minister in Lon- 
don, had sent Jefferson positive proof that Louisiana 
now belonged to France (November 20, 1801), and the 
President had dispatched Robert R. Livingston as 
minister to France. The excitement in America was 
intense. The Westeners went so far as to say that if 
Congress and the president could not secure for them 
the right of deposit at New Orleans and the free navi- 
gation of the Mississippi they would form a separate 
government of their own. James Ross, of Pennsylvania, 
made an impassioned speech in the Senate counseling 
strong measures. " Plant yourselves on the rivers," he 
said, *' fortify the banks, invite those who have an in- 
terest at stake to defend it. When in possession you 
will negotiate with more advantage." 

Mr. Livingston arrived in Paris, in December, 1801, 
and for the next twelve months consumed his energies 
in what seemed fruitless measures — first, to learn the 
truth about the retrocession from Spain to France, and, 
second, to make some terms with France. This was 



I 66 IN A NUTSHELL. 

slow work. On September i, 1802, Livingston wrote 
to Madison, Jefferson's Secretary of State: "There 
never was a government in which less could be done 
by negotiation than here. There are no people, no 
legislators, no counsellors. One man is everything. 
His ministers are mere clerks, and his legislators and 
counsellors parade officers." 

Rumors were current that Napoleon intended to plant 
an army in Louisiana. First it was Gen. Gollet, a dis- 
graced French officer, who was to be sent with a great 
company of disaffected and exiled English, Scotch and 
Irishmen. Then a reputed Frenchman named Francis 
Tatergem appeared on the scene, pretending that he 
had great friendship with the Creek Indians, that they 
hated Americans and loved the French, and that he 
could raise an army in Louisiana of 20,000 Indian 
warriors. These reports were received in America with 
varied emotions. Perhaps the most sensible, albeit the 
mildest view, was that taken by Senator Jackson, of 
Georgia, who said: "Should Bonaparte send an army 
of 40,000 men here and should they not be destroyed 
by our troops, they would within twenty years become 
Americans and join our arms. No other people can 
long exist in the vicinity of those of the United States 
without intermixing and ultimately joining with them." 

With all the web of mystery which Napoleon wove 
around himself, however, he was nevertheless seriously 
considering the advances made on behalf of the United 
States. Livingston had been aided in France by Dupont 
de Nemours, a Frenchman, who was a friend of both 




National Commissioners, World's Fair. 
1. Hon. Thomas H. Carter, President. 

2. Hon. G. W. McBride. 5. Hon. F. A. Betts. 8. Hon. John F. Miller. 

3. Hon. Wm. Lindsay. 6. Hon. P. D. Scott. 9. Hon. J. M. Thurston. 

4. Hon. M. H. Glynn. 7. Hon. John M. Allen. 10. Joseph Flory, Secretary. 



THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 169 

Jefferson and Bonaparte, and pressure was brought to 
bear also from Spain through Charles Pinckney, U. S. 
Minister at Madrid. Some of Napoleon's advisers 
urged, moreover, that since restoration of slavery had 
brought about a rebellion in St. Domingo, its existence 
as an institution in Louisiana might also breed trouble 
for the French. But the fear of England was a more 
powerful argument than any other. Jefferson did not 
hesitate openly to threaten that if the French occupied 
Louisiana, the United States would form an alliance 
with England. "From that moment," he said, "we 
must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation." 
On January 11, 1803, President Jefferson nominated 
James Monroe as a special minister to France to assist 
Livingston and Pinckney, as the commission stated, 
" in enlarging and more effectually securing our rights 
and interests in the river Mississippi and in the territory 
eastward thereof." At first, it will be seen, the Presi- 
dent did not contemplate the purchase of the vast ter- 
ritory of Louisiana. He desired New Orleans and the 
Floridas, if he could get them, and for these posses- 
sions Monroe was instructed that he might pay a sum 
not to exceed ^10,000,000. Monroe sailed March 8, 
1803, and arrived in Paris April 7. After all, Living- 
ston and Pinckney might have performed the work un- 
aided, for Monroe found ripened fruit ready for the 
gathering. Napoleon was as anxious to sell Louisiana 
as the United States was to buy New Orleans, and 
there only remained a little haggling over terms, and 
the consent of the United States to take Louisiana along 



j^Q IN A NUTSHELL. 

with New Orleans. The Floridas were impossible at 
that time, as when the truth was known it was found 
that France did not own them. 

Monroe was presented to Napoleon April i6, 1803, 
and negotiations were immediately opened between the 
two countries. It was agreed to include in the pur- 
chase price the claims of certain American citizens for 
indemnity against France, amounting to ^3,750,000. 
The sum agreed upon for the territory itself was ^11,- 
250,000, making a total of ^15,000,000. The treaty 
was signed May 2, and the copies in English were 
made out so that they were all done about May 8 or 9, 
but the date of the treaty was' fixed at April 30, as this 
was the actual time of the agreement between the min- 
isters. 

When the treaty was concluded there was a general 
handshaking among the ministers. Both sides were 
pleased with the transaction. Livingston said: *' We 
have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our 
lives; "and Napoleon declared: "This accession of 
territory strengthens forever the power of the United 
States. I have just given to England a maritime rival 
that will sooner or later humble her pride." Gayarre, 
a distinguished historian who died a few years ago, 
spoke of the treaty as ' ' the most important ever signed 
in the nineteenth century, if it be judged by its conse- 
quences to the United States and to the rest of the 
world." 

The United States Senate ratified the treaty October 
19, 1803, and the ratifications of the two countries 



THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. j^j 

were exchanged October 21. Jefferson signed the 
document on November 10, and on December 20, 
1803, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana peacefully 
surrendered the province to Laussat, a commissioner 
appointed by Napoleon, who immediately passed it 
over to the government of the United States — a little 
less than eight months after the signing of the treaty. 

Thus came to a conclusion that great event in his- 
tory, the loolh anniversary of which is to be celebrated 
in St. Louis in 1903 with the Louisiana Purchase World's 
Fair. 



PLAN AND SCOPE 



OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION AT 
ST. LOUIS IN 1903, 

CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL OF THE 
LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 

PLAN. 

|HE foundation plan of the St. Louis World's Fair 
will be that of an exposition both national and 
international in its character, so that not only 
the people of the Louisiana Purchase Territory, but of 
our Union, and all the nations as well, can participate. 
It will be so projected and developed as to insure the 
active interest of all the peoples of the world and induce 
their participation upon a scale without parallel in any 
previous exposition. 

It will present in a special degree, and in the most 
comprehensive manner, the history, the resources, and 
the development of the States and Territories lying 
within the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase, 
showing what it was and what it is ; what it contained 

172 



PLAN AND SCOPE. 173 

and produced in 1803 ; what it contains and produces 
in 1903. 

It will make it plain that the prophecy of 1803 has 
been more than fulfilled, and show that a veritable em- 
pire now lies between the Gulf of Mexico and Puget 
Sound, within the limits of the territory Jefferson ob- 
tained by the Louisiana Purchase. 

It will show the history, resources and development 
of the possessions of the United States, including Porto 
Rico, Alaska, Hawaii, Samoa, Guam and the Philip- 
pines. It will embrace in a similar portrayal Cuba and 
any other country which may enjoy the special and ex- 
ceptional protection and guardianship of the United 
States. 

It will depart from the plan of all past expositions 
and make life and movement its distinguishing and 
marked characteristics. To this end it will aim defin- 
itely at an exhibition of man as well as the works of 
man ; at the presentation of manufacturing industries in 
actual conduct as well as of the machines out of action ; 
at the exhibition of processes as well as of completed 
products. 

It will carefully plan in the location, the construction 
and arrangement of all buildings and works so as to as- 
sure the highest degree of convenience, ease and com- 
fort for visitors who come to inspect the wonders con- 
tained within its enclosure. It will make it both easy 
and comfortable to get to the Exposition Grounds from 
every quarter of the city and from every railway termi- 
nating in St. Louis. It will in like manner make it easy 



174 IN A NUTSHELL. 

and comfortable to move about the Exposition Grounds, 
and to pass from building to building and from point to 
point within every building of large area. In short, it 
will make the transportation of visitors the subject of 
special study and spare no expense in the solving of this 
vital problem, so that the St. Louis World's Fair may go 
down in history as the first great international exhibi- 
tion which a visitor could inspect without enduring fa- 
tigue and hardship. 

Finally, it will embody and illustrate the latest and 
most advanced progress in the employment of the en- 
ergies of nature. It will be up-to-date in the use of 
all new motive forces, and be fully abreast with science 
in the utilization of every novel invention or discovery 
that has practical value. 

SCOPE. 

In order that the general plan outlined for the Loui- 
siana Purchase Exposition may be fulfilled in its actual 
accomplishments, it will exhibit the arts and industries, 
the methods and .processes of manufacture of the whole 
world; it will gather the products of the soil, mine, 
forest and sea from the whole earth. 

It will comprehend man in his full twentieth century 
development, exhibiting not alone his material, but his 
social advancement. It will show humanity at rest as 
well as at work, presenting man in his hours of recrea- 
tion, his exercises, his games and his sports. It will 
illustrate the modern home with the infinity of com- 
forts and conveniences that have been brought into 



PLAN AND SCOPE. 175 

common use within tlie century the St. Louis World's 
Fair will commemorate. 

It will embrace within its scope a comprehensive an- 
thropological exhibition, constituting a congress of 
races, and exhibiting particularly the barbarous and 
semi-barbarous peoples of the world as nearly as possi- 
ble in their ordinary and native environments. 

It will bring together the ,wild life of the forests, 
plains and waters, showing visitors a zoological collec- 
tion of untrained and untamed animals as nearly as 
practicable with the surroundings of their native state. 

The progressiveness of the Exposition will be most 
especially manifest in the manner and extent of its use 
of artificial light, both for purposes of illuminating and 
as a means of decoration. Electric lighting in the 
latest, most striking and most effective form, as well as 
all other new and efficient modes of illuminating, will 
be so liberally employed that the Exposition Grounds 
and Buildings will blaze with light at night, and their 
beauties successfully rival the attractions of daylight. 

For the development of the Exposition to the full 
scope outlined, it will provide for the housing and 
care of exhibits divided into a number of grand sec- 
tions, each of which will be again divided into de- 
partments and sub-departments. The principal sec- 
tions into which the Exposition will be divided will be 
as follows: Agriculture, Anthropology and Ethnology, 
Athletics and Outdoor Sports and Games, Chemical In- 
dustries, Civil Engineering, Colonization, Decoration, 
Furniture, etc., Diversified Industries, Education and 



176 IN A NUTSHELL. 

Instruction, Electricity, Fine Arts, Food Stuffs, For- 
estry, History, Horticulture and Arboriculture, Liberal 
Arts, Machinery, Military and Naval, Mining and 
Metallurgy, Social Economy, Textiles, Transportation, 
Wild Animals. 

Adopted by the Board of Directors of the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition Company. 

David R. Francis, 
Walter B. Stevens, President. 

Secretary. 




Delmar «g^ 
Garden J^ 



Delmar Boulevard, Melville and Adelaide 
Avenues, 



Forty Acres of Magnificent Grotind, 
Replete with Natural Beauty and 
Embellished with the Latest Amuse- 
ment Devices at an Outlay of over 
One Hundred and Twenty -five 
Thousand Dollars. 

U/>e Great S/jotzf 
'Place of St. Lotitj: 



strictly modern Opera Stage enclosed by a 

pavilion comfortably seating four thousand 

spectators. 

Steeple Chase annually carries three hundred 

thousand lovers of spirited and wholesome 

sport. 

Midway contains more amusing and 

instructive novelties than any other similar 

resort in the United States. 

The Cottage is in charge of the most 

accomplished and popular Caterer in the 

Mississippi Valley: Refreshments and 

Cuisine unexcelled. 

DELMAR AMUSEMENT COMPANY, 

JOHN C. JANNOPOULO, President. 



Blankets Faust Blend Coffee 

has achieved fame 

greater than any other Coffee on the 

market* This is due only to its 

superior drinking quality* There is 

no other coffee that has such 

universal indorsement* 

If you wish the very best to be had, insist upon your 
gffocer givingf you FAUST BLEND, put up by C. F, 
Blanke Tea and Coffee Co«, Promoters of Higfh-Grade 
Coffees and Proprietors of the most complete coffee plant 
in the United States, sr. louis, new york, Chicago. Kansas city . 



STOCKS i:e3::i grain 



CELLA 

Commission Company 

BUY AND SELL FOR CASH OR MARGIN. 

200 N. FOURTH STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO 

PAID UP CAPITAL, $50,000.00. 



Being the Best Equipped Wire House West of the 
Mississippi Enables Us to Render You 



SUPERIOR SERVICER — ' 

COTTON re, B.,,-„.„3 1 PROVISIONS 



NEW SUBURBAN GARDEN 



A FAMILY RESORT. 



NEW MANAGEMENT. NEW POLICY. 



IMPROVED AND ENLARGED. 

NEW CAFE AND RESTAURANT. 

LOUIS CAESAR, PROPRIETOR. 

Meals furnished at all times on short notice. Careful attention 
given to family and social parties. 



NEW ELECTRIC FOUNTAIN. 

HIGH-GRADE V AUDEVILLE IN THEATRE. 

Matinee Free. Reserved Seats 10 Cents. 

Nights, . 10, 25 and 35 Cents. 

Seats Reserved, 1118 Olive Street. 

ADMISSION TO PARK FREE. ALL CAR LINES. 



The New Ferguson Extension of the St. Louis and 
Suburban Railway now in Operation. 

Cars leave Suburban Garden every thirty minutes — at fifteen and forty- 
five minutes after the hour. 



UH RIG'S CAVE 



or* 

Corner of Washington and Jefferson Aves. 



The Summer Season of 1901 Opened on SUNDAY, JUNE 2nd, 

WITH THE^i^^H^^^^ 

B MAUDE LILLIAN -^^- 
errT 
OPERA CO. ^*^ 

Presenting High-class LIGHT and COMIC OPERA every even- 
ing at 8:30. Saturday Matinee at 2:30. 



T^ J C j_ on sale at A. A. Aal Cloak Co.» 

IvCSCrVCCl OC3.tS 5I5LccustSt.,and at Ostertag 



Bros., Florists, Washington and 
Jefferson Avenues. 



Forest Park Highlands. 



MOST BEAUTIFUL AL FRESCO PARK IN THE WORLD. 
ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR LADIES AND CHILDREN. 
LARGEST PAVILION IN AMERICA. 
FINEST STAGE IN ANY SUMMER GARDEN. 
LARGEST AND FINEST EQUIPPED SCENIC RAILWAY 

ON THE GLOBE. 
MOST ATTRACTIVE WIRE MAZE-ENTIRELY NEW. 
IMMENSE COVERED WALKS. NO EXPOSURE TO RAIN. 
HIGHEST-CLASS VAUDEVILLE IN HOPKINS' PAVILION. 
TWO PERFORMANCES DAILY. RAIN OR SHINE. 
BAND CONCERTS AFTERNOONS AND EVENINGS. 
ADMISSION TO GROUNDS FREE. 



Gars Direct to Forest Park Highlands: 

LACLEDE : Route— Over Chestnut Street, Laclede Ave. and Euclid Ave. 
CHOUTEAU: Route— Over Washington Ave., 14th Street and Chouteau Ave. 
EUCLID : Route— Over Taylor and Euclid Aves . 

ALL OTHER LINES IN THE CITY TRANSFER TO THESE DIRECT LINES. 



Columbia Theatre, 

SIXTH AND ST. CHARLES STREETS. 



COLUMBIA THEATRE CO., Owners. 
GEORGE MIDDLETON, Pres't. FRANK R. TATE, Secy and Treas. 



DKVOTKD TO 

>.>HIGH- CLASS.-. 
CONTINUOUS VAUDEVILLE 

•^^ c^* x^^ t^^ 

ENTIRE CHANGE OF BILL EVERY WEEK. 

C^* 4(^ C^* 5(^ 

PRICES ALWAYS THE SAME, 

t5, 25, 30 Cents, 

5^* C^* {^^ C^* 

Orchestra Chairs (Reserved a Weel< in Advance), 50 Cents. 

HOW TO STUDY ART! 

• We give in our illustrated catalogue FREE valuable 
•j[^« information and advice to those contemplating the study 

• of Art. Send postal for catalogue. 

HALSEY c. IVES. ST. LOUIS SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS, 

DIRECTOR. ST. LOUIS, MO. 



LfA.CLEDE Hi 



ACLEDE AAOTEL. 

Chestnut and Sixth Streets. 
European plan, IRooms Stnsle or JSn Suite, 



RATES, $1.00, $1.50 AND $2.00 PER DAY. 



Cars to and from Union Station pass the door. 
Cafe of superior excellence with moderate prices. 
Meals a-la- carte ; also popular priced regular 
Breakfast, Dinner and Supper. 

J. L. GRISWOLD, 

Owner and Proprietor. 

The 6reat St. Louis Fair 



October 7th to 12th Inclusive 



COMPETITION OPEN TO THE WORLD. 



SPACE AND ENTRIES FREE. 



C. A. TILLES, JOHN HACHMEISTER, 

PRESIDENT. SECRETARY. 



JOHN H. HAVLIN'S 



ST LOUIS 

= = = ENTERPRISES 



Grand Opera House, 

Market, near^ixth. 

Devoted to High-Class Comedy Combinations. 
Prices, 15, 25, 35, 50 and 75 Cents. 
Performances every Evening. 
Matinees, Sunday, "Wednesday and Saturday. 



The Imperial Theatre, 

Tenth and Pine Sts. 

Devoted to producing New and Old Successes. 

Change of bill weekly. 

Matinees, Daily. 

Prices, J 5, 25, 35 and 50 Cents. 



Havlin's Theatre, 

Sixth and Walnut Sts. 
Devoted to Melodrama Combinations. 
Change of bill weekly. 
Matinees, Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday and 

Saturday. 
Prices, 15, 25, 35 and 50 Cents. 



J. I. EPSTEIN, 
R.eal Estate and Financial Agent 

Real Estate Bought, Sold and Exchanged. Loans Negotiated. 

610 CHESTNUT ST., ST. LOUIS. 



GEO. D. BARNARD & CO. 

Manufacturing Stationers. 



PRINTING, 
BLANK BOOKS, 
LITHOGRAPHING. 



DIRECTORS. 
GEO. D.BARNARD 
E. T. USTICK 
W. K. RICHARDS 
GEO. S. M'GREW 
FLOYD SHOCK 



Laclede and Vandeventer Aves. 
St. Louis. 

No order too large for our capacity. 

No order too small for our careful attention. 



CHAS. F. VOOEL, 

REAL ESTATE 
and FINANCIAL AGENT 

624- 

CHESTNUT STREET, 

ST LOUIS. 



Hotel Sto NIchoEa. 



o o o 



A strictly modern entirely fireproof 
European plan hotel of the first-class. 
Conducted for the accommodation of 
those who want the best at reasonable 
cost. Famous for the perfection of its 
cuisine and service, its beautiful and 
homelike appointments and splendid 
location. Every convenience desired by 
patrons of high -class hotels 



♦♦.Three Restaurants... 
Gentlemen^s Flemish Buffet and Cafe. 




ST. LOUIS, 



.fi«rYOU CAN DEPEND UPOtTS 




' V^BOUGHT OR RENTED OFI 



TniEBESOTIERLIN 



w 



MV^IC CO 



, .^^ > U18 OLIVE ST.I 



liMi 



Our Sheet Music Stock is the Most Complete in the Louisiana Purchase. 

CATALOGUES SENT FREE TO ANY ADDRESS. 



WM. BOOTH fe CO. 

(WM. BOOTH PAPIN.) 



R 



EAL ESTATE 



AGENTS. 



Money to Loan at Lowest Rates. 

618 Chestnut St., St. Louis. 



JOHN R. PARSON, 



^ 



REGALIA, . . 
FLAGS AND 
BANNERS . . 



109 N. Eighth St., St. Louis, Mo. 



GREENWOOD & CO. S:SHS^SSr?B. 

Real E>state and Investment Brokers. 

We make a specialty of furnishing information and data for the con- 
sideration of non-residents contemplating investments. 



Bell, Main 70. 



Kinloch. 1881 A. 



JOHN H. BOOGHER, 

Lawyer, 

>U1TE 600 CARLETON BUILDING, 
ST. LOUIS. 



In General Practice, State and 
Federal Courts. 



Refer: Carleton Dry Goods Co. 

Continental National Bank. 
Mississippi Valley Trust Co. 



TELEPH0»S|-™S.14V\1S: 



CHARLES P. JOHNSON, 

Attorney at Law. 

ROOMS 812 AND 813 
LINCOLN TRUST BUILDING. 

Residence, 4300 Washington Ave. 
ST. LOUIS. 



HENRY BOYD DAVIS, 

Attorney at Law, 

600-603 KOE BUILDING. 



L. FRANK OTTOFY, 

Attorney and Counselor, 


WALTER F. McENTIRE, 

Attorney and Counselor 


36 LACLEDE BUILDING, 


at Law, 


FOURTH AND OLIVE STREETS. 


r'A'RTFTA'Nr TITTTT "HTXr; 


TELEPHONE, MAIN 44. 


SIXTH AND OLIVE STREETS, 


ST. LOUIS. 


ST. LOUIS. 



CLINTON ROWeLL, 



Clinton Rowell ' 
and J. H. Zumbalen. 
John H. Douglass, Jr. 



RIALTO BUILDING, 

S. E. FOURTH AND OLIVE STS., 

ST. LOUIS. 




R CHL^HOUN 

Iurr»yCarleton 
Dw»RO S Orr 



% 



OrOUHoAre* 3J8X<38 MuSIC HaLL SEATING 4000 NtW COLIStUM SEATING ( 

(JROUNO AotA Coliseum i90X3is Arcnaii2X222 
Olive i3" k' 



Telephones 
aCLL MAIN £67 yu, . i_„,„-„„ 

friNLOCM c 670 W J Atkinson 

6ENCRAL MANMiER 



STCHARLEIS STREETS. 



w/^1^.^^^- 



18TH ANNUAL EXPOSITION 

Se\)\. 9\\v \o 6c\. m\v, \^0\ 



AMONG THE ATTRACTIONS ALREADY ARRANGED ARE 



Vocal Concerts Nightly; Solos, Quartettes, Choruses, Etc. 
Supplementing Four Concerts Daily by 

SEYMOUR'S FAMOUS 50. 



FINE ART EXHIBIT. 



Mexican, Japanese, Chinese and other Foreign Exhibits 
by the Philadelphia Commercial Museum. 



SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS IN COLISEUM. 



Admission, 25 cents j Children under 12, 10 cents; under 6, Free, 



THE 


FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINERY CO. 




MANUFACTURERS 


OF 




-^j||yr_,, 


The Fernholtz 
Improved Brick Press. 






The Fernholtz 
Patent Clay Pulverizer 


! 

■ 


^milHim!!!!^^ * 


The Fernholtz 

Clay Mixer 
Dealers in 

Brick Yard Supplies 

Sales Agents 

"Fuller^^ Elevator • 
Bucket 

Machinery Repairing. 


ST. LOUIS, U. S. A. 



*'Good All the Way Through. 



RICHTER'S DURABLE 

PAINT 

Made to paint buildings with. 



A. A. E.BE.RSON & CO., 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS FOR UNITED STATES TRADE. 

ST. LOUIS. 
BALTIMORE. 



^o^enberg 



'Bond and 
SfocK.Co. 



212 North Fourth Street, St. Louis, Mo. 

TELEPHONES :{Bfrhn??!?: 

Execute orders in Stocks, Bonds, Cotton, Grain and 
Provisions on New York and Chicago Exchangees over 
our own private wires on 3 to 5 per cent* margin. 




DR. OZIAS PAQUIN. 

claimed hundreds of relapses from other treatment 

will send facsimile letters and endorsements from business firms and ministers of 



DRUNKENNESS. 

The excessive use 
of alcohol produces 
a disease which 
yields easily to the 

PAQUIN IMMUNE TREATMENT. 

This treatment for alcoholism is 
self-administered by the patient 
at home without publicity or de- 
tention from business. The 
craving appetite is permanently 
removed without resorting to 
will power, as the patient is en- 
tirely immunized from further 
desire as well as cured from the 
disease which causes the desire 
for the stimulants. It is in high 
favor as there are no bad after 
effects. This treatment has re- 
Upon application we 



national reputation. 

PAQUIN 

CHEMICAL BUILDING 



IMMUNE COMPANY, 



Department 24. 



ST. LOUIS, MO. 



S Chas. a. Niemeyer, H. p. Fritsch, ^ 

J President. Sec'y-Treasurer. ^ 

% ^ 

m The Pioneer Ready-Mixed Paint Makers of America. ^^ 

I i 

I THE VANE-CALVERT PAINT CO. | 

1^ ST. LOUIS, U. S.A. I 

% f, 

I Makers of the Famous | Palace Car Paints and | 

4s \Buehler Phelan Colors. vV 

% ^ 

i^ Office, Salesroom and Color Works, I White Lead and Mixed Paint Works, ^ 

ji 823 LOCUST. | 615617-619 N. MAIN. % 





^^^^^^HS^^RWraRS^B- 




^"^iBBP^ 


MANSUR & TEBBETTS IMPL'T CO. 

St. Louis-Dallas- New Orleans. 

SOLE AGENTS 
MAKERS OF 



CHAS. E. BRADLEY. S. F. QUINETTE. 

THIRTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN ST. LOUIS. 



715 CHESTNUT STREET, 



SALES. 



KINLOCH, PHONE A 1089. 
LOANS. 



RENTING. 



FAUST & SONS, 

Oysterand Restaurant Co. 

WE CONIKOL AND OPERATE 5 PLACES, VIZ., 



Delniar Garden. 
Fulton Market, 

412-414-416 Elm St. 
Wholesale Department, 

414-416 Elm St. 
Restaurant and Cafe, 

Broadway and Elm St. 
Exposition Cafe, 
Exposition Building. 



If you stick it 
with Reardon's Glue, 
it stays stuck." 



Reardon Mnfg. Co, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Qlue, Curled Hair, 
Cold Water Paint, Gums, 
Qlue Substitutes, 
Disinfectants. 



Two 
"actories 



St. Louis, Mo. 



Two 
Factor! « 



THE PERRY SCHOOL 

OF 

©ratorg anD Dramatic Bit. 

Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, 
Cor. Grand and Frankim Aves.,St. Louis, Mo. 

Our aim is to cultivate the speaking 
voice, and promote physical culture on 
the lines of health, grace and develop- 
ment. All graduates receive diplomas. 
Individual instruction is given if de- 
sired. Preparation for orations and 
public speeches is made a specialty. 

There is a thorough course for teach- 
ers in expression. Terms reasonable. 

Address EDWARD P. PERRY, Director. 



Headquarters J^or 



All Classes of 



RUBBER GOODS 

" The Largest General Dealers of Rubber Goods in the United States." 

"lT".tL';s%o Day Rubber Co. 



^ifromST. LOUIS..,. 



THE 




OFFERS THE MOST COMFORTABLE 
. . . AND PICTURESQUE ROUTE 



TO 



Texasand Oklahoma 



##* 



City Ticket Office : 
S. E. Cor. Eightli and Olive Sts, 



THE COTTAGE 

. .. IN . . . 

FOREST PARK. 



HIGH CLASS KAMILY RESORT. 

'HE BEST CONCERTS 

OF EVERYTHING DURING THE 

AT ALL TIMES. SUMMER 

IDEAL PLACE TO SPEND AN EVENING. 

CHAS. SCHWEICKARDT, 

Proprietor, 





IdiL 



^" §5 






o 



I- 

<0 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 703 921 9 



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